Katerina Swanson
The Subaru BRZ engine is designed with two sets of fuel injectors: port and direct injectors. The port injectors help produce precise combustion, increasing performance and efficiency, while the direct injectors spray fuel directly into the combustion chamber, providing a cooling effect in the cylinders. When upgrading to larger fuel injectors, it is important to ensure that the ECU knows their true size to calculate the correct injector opening time. The size of the fuel injectors you need for your BRZ will depend on factors such as the horsepower and fuel consumption of your engine.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Brand | Fuel Injector Clinic, Injector Dynamics, Bosch, DeatschWerks, FTSpeed, Denso |
| Model | 850cc Injector Set (High-Z), ID2600-XDS, 1200cc Injector Set (High-Z), 540cc Injector Set (High-Z), 1650cc FIC Injector Set (High-Z), 1500cc Injector Set, 2150cc Injector Set (High-Z) |
| Vehicle compatibility | 2013-2016 Scion FR-S, 2013-2020 Subaru BRZ, 2017-2019 Toyota 86, 2017-2020 Toyota 86, 2013-2024 Subaru BRZ, 2017-2024 Toyota GR86 |
| Flow data | Static Flow: 205cc/min at 43.5psi (3bar), Dynamic Flow: see reports for detailed flow data |
| Spray pattern | dual beam – split V (~10*) |
| Injector description | 11mm upper o-ring, sumitomo electrical connector, high impedance 12.3ohm coil, short injector body (40mm functional length), 20mm extended nozzle, overall length of 68mm |
| Performance | improved throttle response, more horsepower, better fuel efficiency |
| Installation | ensure ECU knows the true size of the injectors, re-scale maps, fine-tune the DI/PI ratio |
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What You'll Learn
Injector size and engine performance
Injector size is critical for engine performance and ease of tuning in a fuel-injected engine. Choosing the right size injector can be a complex process, but it is important to ensure optimal engine performance.
For example, when considering the BRZ engine, it is important to understand the OE fuel system components. The BRZ engine features a Denso injector with a unique design. The injector has a short body and an extended nozzle, resulting in an overall length of 68mm. It utilizes a 11mm upper o-ring, a sumitomo electrical connector, and a high impedance 12.3ohm coil. The standard pump operates quietly and smoothly, drawing minimal current.
When upgrading to larger port injectors, it is crucial to ensure that the ECU is calibrated with their true size. This allows the ECU to accurately calculate the correct injector opening time for a given volume of fuel. Larger port injectors may require fine-tuning the DI/PI ratio to ensure optimal fuel delivery. Additionally, the larger injectors may have a longer "dead time, lag time, or latency," which needs to be accounted for in the injector opening time compensation maps.
The size of the fuel injectors is not the only consideration for engine performance. It is also important to select the appropriate fuel pump to feed the injectors with the required volume and pressure of fuel. For instance, the Holley 12-800 inline fuel pump is suitable for normally aspirated EFI engines producing up to 800 horsepower at 43 psi. For higher horsepower applications, a larger fuel pump, such as the Holley Dominator 12-1200, may be required.
Furthermore, the type of fuel can impact injector size. For instance, E85 fuel requires a larger injector due to its higher BSFC number. This is because ethanol produces less heat energy compared to gasoline. Tools such as the FuelTech Fuel Injector Calculator can aid in selecting the appropriate injector size for different fuels and engine configurations.
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Calibrating larger injectors
Firstly, it is important to understand the characteristics of the larger port injectors. These injectors typically have a longer "dead time, lag time, or latency," which refers to the time it takes for the injector to open. This delay period is influenced by the current battery voltage. Using the manufacturer's technical data, you can determine the correct lag times for different voltage levels. This information needs to be entered into the ECU (Engine Control Unit), allowing it to accurately calculate the injector opening time for a given volume of fuel.
The next step is to supply the ECU with the injector calibration size, which should be provided by the manufacturer of the larger port injectors. This ensures that the ECU can make the necessary calculations for the correct injector opening time.
Additionally, fine-tuning the DI/PI ratio is essential. The DI (direct injection) injectors have a shorter injection time compared to the PI (port injection) injectors, which can open up to 18ms at 6000rpm. It is recommended to set the DI injectors to deliver a maximum of around 5ms, ensuring that they supplement the PI injectors rather than replace them. Changes should be made to the PI/DI ratio map, along with the minimum and maximum allowed ratios for the larger injectors.
It is also important to test the overall performance and fuel efficiency of the engine after installing the larger injectors. This can be done through a test drive, allowing you to assess whether the injectors are calibrated correctly and optimizing engine operation.
Finally, some general considerations for injector calibration include ensuring proper fuel pressure, cleaning the injectors and fuel lines, and testing the fuel spray pattern and amount of fuel sprayed for a given injector pulse rate. Calibration kits, multimeters, torque wrenches, and diagnostic scanners are also useful tools to ensure accurate calibration.
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Fuel injector brands
When it comes to choosing the right fuel injectors for your vehicle, it's essential to consider not only the size but also the brand. The market for fuel injectors offers a range of options, from well-known brands to smaller specialized companies. Here is an overview of some prominent fuel injector brands:
Ford Performance
Ford Performance is a heavyweight in the automotive industry, known for its decades of engineering achievements and motorsport success. Their fuel injectors are designed to exceed standards and are trusted by professional racers and dragstrip legends. Ford Performance's reputation is built on proven results, making them a go-to brand for those seeking high-powered fuel injection solutions.
DeatschWerks
DeatschWerks has established itself as a leading specialist in high-performance fuel injection technology. The company offers innovative, custom-tailored, and quality fuel injectors that meet the demands of high-horsepower applications. DeatschWerks fuel injectors are known for their "drop-in fitment," often requiring no extra modifications, making them a favorite among DIY installers. Their 95lb Flow Matched Fuel Injectors, for example, are fully E85 compatible, providing a wide range of fuelling options.
Fuel Injector Clinic
Fuel Injector Clinic is a brand that resonates strongly with performance enthusiasts and gearheads. They specialize in high-performance fuel injectors, focusing on precision, customization, and a passion for pushing engines to their limits. Fuel Injector Clinic offers a diverse range of injectors compatible with various fuels, including pump gasoline, E85, and race fuels. Their 1000cc Fuel Injector Set is designed for top-tier performance, delivering an impressive 1000cc/min or 95 lbs/hr at 3 bar fuel pressure.
Bosch
Bosch is another well-known brand in the fuel injection market. They offer new injectors through their authorized reseller network. However, it's important to note that Bosch does not provide modified injectors under its brand name for any application. All fuel injection components under the Bosch brand are designed for specific applications and are intended solely for those purposes.
Magneti Marelli
Magneti Marelli is a key player in the automotive fuel injector market, known for its technological prowess and operational scale. They offer a range of products, including electronic fuel injectors and advanced injection systems, showcasing their commitment to providing reliable and efficient solutions.
In addition to these brands, there are other reputable companies in the fuel injector market, such as BBI and Diesel Auto Power, which offer high-quality products and services. When choosing a fuel injector brand, it's essential to consider your specific vehicle requirements, performance goals, and the reputation of the manufacturer.
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Fuel injector sets
The standard OE fuel system components on the BRZ include port fuel injectors with a static flow of 205cc/min at 43.5psi (3bar) and a dual-beam, split V spray pattern. The Denso injector used in the BRZ has a short injector body and an extended nozzle, with an overall length of 68mm.
Upgrading to high-performance fuel injectors can improve throttle response, horsepower, and fuel efficiency. FTSpeed manufactures fuel injectors for the BRZ that offer dependable fuel flow, excellent fuel atomization, and precise fuel regulation. They advise getting injectors from well-known manufacturers like Injector Dynamics, Bosch, and DeatschWerks. DeatschWerks fuel injectors are available for the 2013-2020 Subaru BRZ, with options ranging from 450cc to 900cc.
Fuel Injector Clinic also offers a range of injector sets for the 2013-2020 Subaru BRZ, including 660cc, 850cc, 1200cc, 1650cc, and 2150cc options. These injector sets are designed to improve the performance of the BRZ engine and provide precise fuel delivery to the combustion chamber.
When installing larger port injectors, it is important to ensure that the ECU knows their true size to accurately calculate the correct injector opening time. This can be done by entering the manufacturer's technical data, including the correct lag times for a given voltage, into the maps called Injector Opening Time Compensation. Fine-tuning the DI/PI ratio may also be advantageous to ensure the correct fuel volume is delivered.
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Fuel injector design
The Subaru BRZ fuel injectors are known for their distinct design. The injectors utilise a short injector body with an extended nozzle. Specifically, the Denso injector used in the BRZ has a functional length of 40mm for the injector body, while the nozzle is extended by 20mm, resulting in an overall length of 68mm. This extended nozzle design is quite different from many other injectors on the market.
Another key design aspect of the BRZ fuel injectors is the use of a 11mm upper o-ring, a Sumitomo electrical connector, and a high impedance 12.3-ohm coil. These components are fairly standard across different injectors, but it's the combination and specific dimensions that set the BRZ injectors apart. The high impedance coil, for example, is a unique feature that affects the injector's performance.
When considering upgrades or modifications to the BRZ fuel injectors, it's important to keep in mind the impact on performance and compatibility. Larger port injectors, for instance, can be installed, but they require careful calibration to ensure optimal performance. The ECU (Engine Control Unit) needs to be informed of the true size of the larger injectors to accurately calculate the correct injector opening time for a given volume of fuel. This calibration process involves fine-tuning the DI/PI ratio to ensure the injectors deliver the right fuel volume.
In summary, fuel injector design for the Subaru BRZ involves unique features such as extended nozzle lengths, specific component dimensions, and high impedance coils. Modifications or upgrades to these injectors require careful calibration to maintain optimal engine performance, highlighting the intricate relationship between injector design and engine functionality.
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Frequently asked questions
The size of the fuel injectors you need depends on the horsepower of your engine. You can calculate a rough approximation of your engine's fuel requirements by multiplying the expected power output (crankshaft HP) by 0.5 for normally aspirated engines or 0.6 for turbo engines.
Fuel Injector Clinic (FIC) is a popular brand for Subaru BRZ fuel injectors. FIC injectors are known for their consistent quality, reliability, and performance across different sizes. FTSpeed is another manufacturer of fuel injectors for the BRZ, offering products with dependable fuel flow and excellent fuel atomization.
Upgrading to larger fuel injectors can result in improved throttle response, increased horsepower, and better fuel efficiency.
After installing larger port injectors, ensure that the ECU recognizes their true size to calculate the correct injector opening time. The injectors should be supplied with a calibration size that can be entered into the ECU system.
When using larger port injectors, it may be beneficial to fine-tune the DI/PI ratio to ensure proper fuel volume delivery. Changes may also be required in the PI/DI ratio map, as well as the minimum and maximum allowed ratios for larger injectors.
