Katerina Swanson
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel into an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by means of a fuel injector. This is done by spraying pressurised fuel into the engine. The fuel injector is essentially a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine. The system must determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow to supply this amount.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | The introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of a fuel injector |
| Function | Spraying pressurised fuel into the engine |
| Components | A device to pressurise the fuel, such as a fuel pump; a system to determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow |
| Types | Single-point injection, also called 'throttle-body injection'; electronic fuel injection |
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What You'll Learn
How does fuel injection work?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel into an internal combustion engine, usually an automotive engine, by means of a fuel injector.
The fuel injector is essentially a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine. Fuel injection is operated by spraying pressurised fuel into the engine. This requires a device to pressurise the fuel, such as a fuel pump. The system must determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow to supply this amount.
Single-point injection (also called 'throttle-body injection') uses one injector in a throttle body mounted similarly to a carburettor on an intake manifold. As in a carburetted induction system, the fuel is mixed with the air before entering the intake manifold. Single-point injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" (easy starting, smooth running, no engine stuttering) than could be obtained with a carburettor.
More recent systems use an electronic engine control unit which meters the fuel and controls the ignition timing and various other engine functions. The term electronic fuel injection refers to any fuel injection system controlled by an engine control unit.
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What is a fuel injector?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel into an internal combustion engine, usually an automotive engine, by means of a fuel injector. All compression-ignition engines (e.g. diesel engines) and many spark-ignition engines (e.g. petrol engines) use fuel injection.
A fuel injector is a device that sprays pressurised fuel into the engine. It is effectively a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine. The fuel injector is controlled by an engine control unit, which meters the fuel and controls the ignition timing and various other engine functions.
The system must determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow to supply this amount. Early mechanical injection systems used relatively sophisticated helix-controlled injection pumps that both metered fuel and created injection pressure. Since the 1980s, electronic systems have been used to control the metering of fuel.
Single-point injection (also called 'throttle-body injection') uses one injector in a throttle body mounted similarly to a carburettor on an intake manifold. The fuel is mixed with the air before entering the intake manifold. Single-point injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" (easy starting, smooth running, no engine stuttering) than could be obtained with a carburettor.
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What is single-point injection?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel into an internal combustion engine, usually an automotive engine, by means of a fuel injector. The fuel injector is effectively a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine.
Single-point injection, also known as throttle-body injection, is a type of fuel injection system that uses a single fuel injector for the mixing of the fuel. It has only one injector that injects the fuel before it enters the intake manifold. The single injector is arranged before the throttle body, similarly to a carburettor. The amount of fuel to be injected is decided by the engine control unit, which takes input from different sensors.
Single-point injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" (easy starting, smooth running, no engine stuttering) than could be obtained with a carburettor. Many of the carburettor's supporting components—such as the air filter, intake manifold, and fuel line routing—could be used with few or no changes. This postponed the redesign and tooling costs of these components. Single-point injection was used extensively on American-made passenger cars and light trucks during 1980–1995, and in some European cars in the early and mid-1990s.
Single-point injection was the earliest and simplest type of fuel injection. It was a stepping stone to the more complex multipoint system. Although not as precise as the systems that have followed, single-point injection meters fuel with better control than a carburettor and is less expensive and easier to service.
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What is electronic fuel injection?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel into an internal combustion engine, usually an automotive engine, through a fuel injector.
Electronic fuel injection refers to any fuel injection system controlled by an engine control unit. This unit meters the fuel and controls the ignition timing and various other engine functions. The fuel injector is a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine.
The fundamental function of a fuel injection system is to spray pressurised fuel into the engine. Therefore, a device to pressurise the fuel is needed, such as a fuel pump. The system must determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow to supply this amount.
Single-point injection, also called 'throttle-body injection', uses one injector in a throttle body mounted similarly to a carburettor on an intake manifold. The fuel is mixed with the air before entering the intake manifold. Single-point injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" (easy starting, smooth running, no engine stuttering) than could be obtained with a carburettor.
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How does fuel injection differ from carburetors?
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of a fuel injector. The fuel injector is effectively a spray nozzle that performs the final stage in the delivery of fuel into the engine. The fuel is sprayed into the engine under pressure, and the system must determine the appropriate amount of fuel to be supplied and control the fuel flow to supply this amount.
Single-point injection (also called 'throttle-body injection') uses one injector in a throttle body mounted similarly to a carburettor on an intake manifold. As in a carburetted induction system, the fuel is mixed with the air before entering the intake manifold. Single-point injection was a relatively low-cost way for automakers to reduce exhaust emissions to comply with tightening regulations while providing better "driveability" (easy starting, smooth running, no engine stuttering) than could be obtained with a carburettor.
The term electronic fuel injection refers to any fuel injection system controlled by an engine control unit. More recent systems use an electronic engine control unit which meters the fuel and controls the ignition timing and various other engine functions.
Fuel injection differs from carburetors in several ways. Carburetors mix air and fuel in a regulated manner before sending the mixture to the engine's cylinders. They use a system of calibrated jets and passageways to draw in the optimum quantity of fuel using the Bernoulli principle and engine vacuum. Carburettors are relatively inexpensive to maintain.
Fuel injection systems, on the other hand, deliver fuel to the engine cylinders with more control and precision. They accurately measure and time gasoline injection into the intake manifold or combustion chamber, allowing for the best air-fuel ratios, which optimise combustion and, as a result, increase power output and fuel economy. Fuel injection systems can deliver a more precise air-fuel ratio than carburetors because of their electronically controlled fuel induction capabilities. This accuracy allows for increased power output and fuel economy. Additionally, the system adjusts to shifting environmental factors like temperature and altitude, assuring constant performance in various settings.
Engines with fuel injector replacements frequently display a faster throttle response, smoother acceleration, and higher power output than their carbureted counterparts. However, a well-tuned carburetor will flow more than fuel injection at full throttle/high rpms.
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Frequently asked questions
A fuel injection line is a fuel line that is used in a fuel injection system.
A fuel injection system is a system that introduces fuel into an internal combustion engine.
A fuel injection system works by spraying pressurised fuel into the engine.
A carburettor mixes fuel and air before it enters the intake manifold, whereas a fuel injection system introduces fuel directly into the engine.
Electronic fuel injection is a fuel injection system that is controlled by an engine control unit.
