Regan Brown
When it comes to fuel tanks, ensuring proper ventilation is crucial. The fuel level in a tank fluctuates throughout the day, even when the vehicle is stationary. Gasoline expands as it warms up and contracts as it cools down, necessitating the release of air and the intake of air. This is where vents come into play. Vented gas caps, which were prevalent in older vehicles, had a simple hole that allowed air exchange but could lead to fuel splashing during acceleration or turning. Modern fuel tanks, such as those with EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection) systems, require more intricate ventilation solutions. EFI tanks from companies like Tanks Inc. and Ricks come with vents that need to be installed vertically and as high as possible to prevent fuel spillage and manage vacuum and pressure. Some EFI systems, like the Fitech EFI kit, may require a vented port connected to the fuel tank, while others might use a charcoal canister to regulate ventilation. External fuel pumps, whether electric or mechanical, also play a role in EFI fuel tank ventilation, ensuring smooth fuel delivery and preventing issues like stalling during startup.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fuel tank venting | The tank must have a vent to relieve vacuum and pressure. |
| Fuel tank vent location | The vent should be installed in an upright position as high as possible, ideally higher than the filler neck. |
| Fuel tank venting products | Tanks Inc. sells a vent for $15 that can be mounted above the fuel tank and connected to the vent fitting. |
| Fuel tank venting issues | An improper venting mechanism can cause driveability problems with EFI. |
| Fuel tank venting solutions | A charcoal canister can be used to address venting issues. |
| Fuel tank venting and EFI | An external sump tank can complement an EFI system. |
| Fuel tank venting and EFI conversion | Holley's EFI Conversion Fuel Tanks are a direct fit and include a fuel pump, internal baffling, and a fuel level sender. |
| Fuel tank venting and external fuel pump | An external electric fuel pump can be used with a stock EFI system and nylon fuel lines. |
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What You'll Learn
The importance of venting fuel tanks
Additionally, fuel tank vents help maintain the integrity of the fuel system. Without proper venting, fuel tanks can rupture or leak, leading to costly repairs and potential environmental hazards. Furthermore, vents can prevent fuel loss due to thermal expansion. On hot days, fuel expands and can overflow, leading to fuel wastage and creating a dangerous situation. Vents allow for the escape of vapors, preventing this issue.
The design of fuel tank vents varies, and the specific design chosen will depend on the size and type of tank, as well as the vehicle's intended use. There are two main types of vents: passive and active. Passive vents are commonly used in smaller tanks or tanks with minimal temperature or pressure changes. They are low maintenance and do not require an external power source. Active vents, on the other hand, may be more suitable for certain applications, providing a higher level of protection against contamination.
It is crucial to install and maintain fuel tank vents correctly. For example, the vent line should be run higher than the highest point on the tank, including the fuel filler neck, to prevent fuel or condensation from becoming trapped and causing pressure issues. Proper venting mechanisms are essential for optimal performance and safety, and manufacturers must adhere to relevant safety guidelines and regulations when designing fuel tank venting systems.
In conclusion, the importance of venting fuel tanks is paramount. Proper venting ensures the safety of vehicles, their passengers, and the environment by preventing fuel spills, explosions, and ruptures. It also helps maintain the integrity of the fuel system and prevents fuel loss due to thermal expansion. With careful design, installation, and maintenance, fuel tank vents play a critical role in the safe and efficient operation of vehicles.
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The role of charcoal canisters
Charcoal canisters are an essential component of a vehicle's venting system, playing a crucial role in preventing fuel vapours from escaping into the atmosphere. They are designed to absorb and capture unburned hydrocarbons, ensuring that these harmful emissions are not released during the venting process. This not only reduces air pollution but also contributes to a more efficient combustion process as the captured hydrocarbons are eventually burned in the engine.
The charcoal canister serves as a safety mechanism, protecting the fuel tank from abnormal pressure build-up. It is connected to the fuel tank via a hose, allowing air to enter the tank as the fuel level decreases during vehicle operation. This prevents the tank from collapsing in on itself due to the creation of a vacuum. Additionally, the charcoal canister helps to regulate pressure by providing a pathway for excess pressure to escape, ensuring the integrity of the fuel tank and the overall fuel delivery system.
One of the key functions of the charcoal canister is the absorption of fuel vapours. As the canister is never directly vented to the atmosphere, it acts as a filter, trapping fuel vapours before they can escape. The vapours are then released back into the engine through the intake manifold during the purging process. This recycling of fuel vapours not only reduces emissions but also improves fuel efficiency by ensuring that unburned hydrocarbons are utilised.
The charcoal within the canister plays a critical role in this process. Activated carbon, a highly porous material, effectively absorbs and traps the fuel vapours, preventing their release into the atmosphere. Over time, the charcoal may lose its effectiveness, requiring replacement or maintenance. It is important to monitor the charcoal canister's condition and performance to ensure it remains functional and does not become clogged or damaged, which can lead to improper venting and driveability issues.
In some vehicles, the charcoal canister is regulated by the engine control module (ECM), which controls the solenoid valve that operates the canister. This allows for precise management of the venting process, ensuring optimal performance and emissions control. However, not all vehicles have this level of electronic control, and some may utilise vacuum-actuated valves to manage the charcoal canister's function. Overall, the charcoal canister is an essential component of modern vehicle venting systems, helping to reduce emissions, improve fuel efficiency, and maintain proper fuel tank pressure.
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Fuel tank venting products
Fuel tank venting is essential to prevent fuel from becoming trapped in the line, which can cause pressure or vacuum buildup and potentially damage your tank. There are several products available to ensure proper fuel tank venting, especially when dealing with external fuel pumps and aluminium tanks in EFI systems.
One option is to use a charcoal canister, which can help prevent driveability problems associated with improper venting mechanisms in EFI setups. Drilling a small hole near the top of the filler neck and installing a hose barb to connect to the charcoal canister vent line is a common practice. Additionally, utilising a fresh air valve, such as the third-generation Camaro "mushroom" valve, can be hooked up to the vent port on the fuel tank sending unit.
Another product to consider is the Fuel Command Center 2 (FCC2) by FiTech's HyperFuel line. This product is designed for vehicles that have converted from a carburetor to EFI while still using stock fuel tanks. The FCC2 mounts under the hood, and the engine's mechanical fuel pump feeds it, ensuring a constant fuel reserve and avoiding fuel starvation.
For those with a Ricks EFI tank, adding a RideTech fuel filler and utilising both the tank vent and the RideTech vent can be a viable solution.
Furthermore, Tanks Inc. offers a vent for around $15 that can be mounted above the fuel tank and connected to the vent fitting using tubing. This vent provides rollover protection, ensuring safety in the event of vehicle rollover.
When dealing with external fuel pumps, it is essential to ensure proper venting to prevent fuel overflow and potential hazards. One user with a FAST setup and a Rick's Tank mentioned replacing the catch can with a larger-capacity aluminium unit to accommodate fuel expansion on hot days.
In conclusion, proper fuel tank venting products are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of EFI systems with external fuel pumps and aluminium tanks. The specific product choices depend on individual needs and vehicle specifications.
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External sump tanks
An external sump tank is one of the easiest fuel-system upgrades to complement an EFI system. External sump tanks are designed for vehicles that have their existing mechanical or low-PSI electric pump still in use. They are also designed for vehicles that have converted from using a carburetor to EFI.
One such external sump tank is FiTech’s HyperFuel line's Fuel Command Center 2 (FCC2). The FCC2 mounts under your hood, and your engine’s mechanical fuel pump feeds the FCC2. A 340-lph high-pressure pump is submerged inside the unit to feed high-pressure fuel to the EFI. This sump will always have a fuel reserve, and it will avoid fuel starvation caused by fuel slosh.
Another option is Holley's EFI Conversion Fuel Tanks, which are a direct fit for your application with no modifications necessary. The tank is powder-coated for corrosion resistance and aesthetics. It includes internal baffling and a fuel level sender. The sender and fuel pump are recessed in the tank for easy installation. These systems have external -6 ORB outlet, return, and vent ports for easy fuel line connection.
A fuel tank sump is a device installed at the bottom of a fuel tank to catch any dirt, debris, or water that may be present in the tank. This prevents contaminants from entering the engine, which could cause severe damage. Fuel tank sumps are typically made from stainless steel or aluminum and are easy to install. According to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), each fuel tank sump must have an accessible drain that allows complete drainage of the sump on the ground and discharges clear of each part of the airplane.
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In-tank fuel pump systems
FiTech and Holley also offer in-tank fuel pump systems. FiTech's Hy-fuel single-pump system can be used as a return or returnless system and has an adjustable pump height. It can be used in fuel tanks ranging from 6 to 14 inches in depth and is suitable for cars with up to 800 horsepower. Holley's 255-lph Drop-In Retrofit EFI Fuel System supports up to 550 horsepower with EFI and 700 with a carburetor. Their Retrofit In-Tank Fuel Module is easy to install, requiring no welding or fabrication. It includes a billet pump hanger bracket to control pump vibration and fit in tight spaces.
For those with stock fuel tanks who have converted from a carburetor to EFI, FiTech's Fuel Command Center 2 (FCC2) is a good option. It mounts under the hood, and the engine's mechanical fuel pump feeds the FCC2. A 340-lph high-pressure pump is submerged inside to feed high-pressure fuel to the EFI. This system ensures a fuel reserve and prevents fuel starvation caused by fuel slosh.
When converting a tank to fuel injection, it is essential to properly vent the tank. This can be done by drilling and tapping a 1/8" NPT hole near the top of the filler neck and running a factory charcoal canister vent line to it. A rollover vent valve can also be threaded into the PA pump assembly.
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Frequently asked questions
EFI stands for Electronic Fuel Injection.
A fuel tank vent relieves vacuum and pressure. Gasoline expands in volume as it warms up and shrinks in volume as it cools down. The fuel level of your tank changes throughout the day, even if you are not driving.
One option is to use a charcoal canister to vent the tank. Another option is to drill and tap a hole near the top of the filler neck and run a vent line to a fresh air intake. A third option is to use an external sump tank, such as the Fuel Command Center 2 from FiTech.
It is important to ensure that the vent line is higher than the highest point on the tank, including the fuel filler neck. The vent line should not have any dips or angles that could cause fuel or condensation to get trapped.
