Ameer Randolph
Fuel pumps are an essential component of any car, delivering fuel to the engine. When installing a fuel pump, it is important to consider the optimal location for the pump to function effectively. The placement of the fuel pump can impact its performance and lifespan. Most electric fuel pumps are designed to push fuel more efficiently than pull it, so mounting the pump inside or near the fuel tank is ideal. The pump should also be mounted as low as possible, with considerations for heat sources, enclosed spaces, and the need for an automatic shut-off system in case of leaks. This guide will explore the best practices and considerations for mounting a fuel pump in a car.
Where to Mount a Fuel Pump in a Car
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Location | Inside the fuel tank, or as close to the tank as possible |
| Positioning | Mounted low, below the fuel level, and below the P/U line in the cell |
| Installation | Avoid enclosed areas like the trunk or interior of the car |
| Fuel Type | Electric pumps are more common than mechanical pumps |
| Maintenance | Plan on replacing the pump every couple of years |
| Safety | Install an automatic shut-off system to prevent fuel leaks or fires |
| Wiring | Use at least 12-gauge wire to power the pump |
| Fuel Filter | Mount between the tank and pump, and ensure it's large enough for proper flow |
| Fuel Pressure | Use a regulator to control fuel pressure |
| Contamination | Clean the fuel tank before installing a new pump to prevent clogging |
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What You'll Learn
Inside the fuel tank
The best place to mount a fuel pump in a car is inside the fuel tank. This is because electric fuel pumps are designed to "push" fuel, not "pull" it. Therefore, the closer the pump is to the tank, the better.
Mounting the pump inside the fuel tank ensures optimal performance as it does not have to pull fuel from a distance. This also reduces the risk of fuel leaks or fires as the pump and fuel lines are kept away from heat sources, such as the exhaust and other heated areas. Additionally, placing the pump inside the tank can make it easier to access for repairs or replacements. For example, Crown Victorias have the fuel pump on the front side of the fuel tank, allowing for easy replacement without removing the entire tank.
When installing an electric fuel pump inside the tank, it is important to consider the presence of contaminants. Gunk and debris can build up on the outside of the old fuel pump, and if the fuel tank becomes contaminated, the new fuel pump may clog and require early replacement. Therefore, it is crucial to inspect the tank for any rust or debris and clean it before installing a new pump.
To install an electric fuel pump inside the fuel tank, you may need to drill the tank for a bulkhead fitting. This allows for the fuel line and electrical connections to be securely attached to the pump. It is also important to ensure that the pump is properly primed and has access to a constant presence of fuel to prevent it from running hot.
Overall, mounting the fuel pump inside the fuel tank is the ideal location as it maximizes the pump's performance, reduces safety risks, and facilitates maintenance and replacement when needed.
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On the frame rail
When mounting a fuel pump on the frame rail, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, it is important to place the pump as close to the fuel tank as possible, as fuel pumps are generally better at pushing fuel than pulling it. Mounting the pump below the fuel level will also help with self-priming.
Secondly, the fuel pump should be mounted as low as possible. This can be achieved by mounting it on the frame rail below the fuel tank, or even inside the frame rail. This position allows gravity to help feed the pump, and it is also a more protected location, reducing the risk of damage from road debris.
Thirdly, noise and vibration levels can be an issue with fuel pumps. To mitigate this, it is recommended to use rubber isolators or washers/gaskets between the mounting plate and the frame. This will help to reduce the noise and vibration transferred to the frame.
Finally, accessibility for servicing is an important consideration. Mounting the pump inside the frame rail, on the quad-shock mount, for example, can provide easy access for servicing and reduce the risk of damage from road debris.
Overall, mounting a fuel pump on the frame rail can be a good option, especially if it is located as close to the fuel tank as possible, below the fuel level, and with consideration given to noise reduction and accessibility for servicing.
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Below the fuel level
When mounting a fuel pump in a car, one option is to place it below the fuel level. This can be achieved by mounting the pump on the frame rail, below the level of the fuel tank. This location ensures that the pump is close to the fuel supply, helping to maintain an adequate fuel supply at all times. It is recommended to keep the pump as low and close to the tank as possible, with some sources suggesting that it should be mounted no more than 12 inches above the top of the cell.
Electric fuel pumps typically have more pumping power than suction power, so mounting them below the fuel level can improve their performance. By placing the pump below the fuel level, you reduce the chance of cavitation and minimize the amount of work the pump has to do to move the fuel. This setup can also help to prime the pump and improve its longevity.
When mounting the pump below the fuel level, it is important to consider the routing of the fuel lines. The lines should be as short as possible to reduce flow angle issues and potential debris. Some cars may require a shield to be built to protect the pump from road debris. Additionally, a return line can be added to reduce the labour of the pump, but this can be complicated to install.
Overall, mounting the fuel pump below the fuel level can offer several benefits, including improved fuel supply, reduced chance of cavitation, and improved pump performance. However, it is important to consider the specific make and model of the car, as well as the type of fuel pump, to ensure that there is enough clearance for the pump and that the fuel lines are routed properly.
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Near the fuel cell
When mounting a fuel pump near the fuel cell, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, it is important to ensure that the pump is not too far from the cell. This is because electric fuel pumps generally have limited "drawing power" and are better at pushing fuel under pressure. As such, a shorter distance between the pump and the cell helps to ensure an adequate fuel supply.
Secondly, the fuel pump should ideally be mounted below the fuel level or close to the supply. This is because electric pumps have difficulty "pulling" fuel and work better when they can push fuel downwards. Mounting the pump above the fuel cell can cause issues with cavitation and may lead to pump failure. However, some electric pumps can be mounted above the cell, especially if they are powerful enough to move the fuel effectively.
Thirdly, safety is a critical consideration. For race cars, regulations require that fuel pumps and cells be physically separated from the driver's compartment. This is to prevent fuel fires in the event of a collision. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the fuel cell is vented outside of the vehicle to prevent a build-up of gasoline fumes in the passenger compartment.
Finally, it is recommended to mount the fuel pump vertically and to include a return line. This helps to simplify the plumbing and can improve the performance of the pump by reducing the labour required to push fuel.
Overall, when mounting a fuel pump near the fuel cell, it is important to consider the specific type of pump, the vehicle's configuration, and safety regulations to ensure optimal performance and compliance.
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In the engine bay
If you are installing an electric fuel pump in the engine bay, it is crucial to keep it in a low position, perhaps even under the tank. This is because the higher the pump is mounted, the harder it has to work to siphon fuel, which can shorten its lifespan and reduce fuel delivery to the engine. Additionally, ensure that the pump is not mounted in an enclosed area, such as the trunk or interior of the car, to prevent pressure build-up and reduce the risk of fuel leaks or fires. Keep the pump and fuel lines away from heat sources like the exhaust and other heated areas.
Another important consideration is the inclusion of an automatic shut-off system. This will turn off the engine in the event of a fuel pump malfunction or leak, preventing raw fuel from spraying onto hot components, especially during a collision. You can install an oil pressure switch that will cut off the pump if the oil pressure drops too low, or another type of automatic shut-off mechanism.
Finally, when mounting a fuel pump in the engine bay, it is important to take the necessary precautions to avoid contaminants from entering the fuel tank during the installation process. Gunk and debris can build up on the outside of the pump, and if the fuel tank becomes contaminated, it can cause the new fuel pump to clog and fail prematurely. Therefore, always inspect the tank for any rust or debris before installing a new pump, and clean it if necessary.
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Frequently asked questions
The best place to mount a fuel pump is inside the fuel tank. The second-best place is as close to the tank as possible, and lower than it.
Fuel pumps are designed to "push" fuel rather than "pull" it. Therefore, the closer the pump is to the tank, the less it will have to pull fuel.
The pump should be mounted vertically, with a short suction line, and below the fuel level.
The pump should be no more than 12" above the top of the cell.
The pump needs a constant presence of fuel, otherwise, it will lose its prime and run hot. The fuel is also the lubricant and coolant. Therefore, the pump should be mounted in a position where gravity can help feed it from the tank.
