
Renewable energy sources can effectively replace fossil fuels, creating crucial environmental, social and economic benefits. However, currently, renewables contribute only 11.4% of the total global energy, with fossil fuels still dominating at 84.3%. A 2022 meta-analysis concluded that by 2050, renewable energy production must increase six-fold to eliminate fossil fuels. This will require international cooperation and innovation, as well as a complete transformation of our energy infrastructure.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Momentum | Growing |
| Global dependence on oil, natural gas and coal | Well documented |
| Transition away from fossil fuels | In progress |
| Renewable energy sources | Can effectively replace fossil fuels |
| Renewable energy economy | Requires multiple levels of change over time |
| Hydrocarbon fuels | Still needed to mine lithium for batteries |
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What You'll Learn

The need for renewable energy to replace fossil fuels is urgent
While the transition to renewable energy will not happen overnight, it is already underway and gaining momentum. Global efforts such as the Fridays for Future movement, led by young activists like Greta Thunberg, have put pressure on governments and industries to commit to identifying competitive alternatives to fossil fuels. Major players are taking note, with US President Joe Biden taking executive action to rejoin the Paris Climate Agreement, a key factor in the move away from fossil fuels.
However, ending economic dependence on fossil fuels is a complex and multi-level process. Even if we were to switch entirely to electric cars, we would still need hydrocarbon fuels to mine lithium for batteries and power machines with longer lifetimes than cars, such as airplanes and ships.
Renewable energy sources can replace fossil fuels in key areas that keep industries and countries running, from power generation to transport. For example, wind farms rely solely on the wind blowing to harvest energy, and the wind will always blow.
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The benefits of renewable energy
Renewable energy can replace fossil fuels, creating crucial environmental, social and economic benefits. The transition to renewable energy is already underway, but it needs to be expedited. Renewable energy sources can replace fossil fuels in key areas such as power, transport and thermal comfort.
Renewable energy enhances energy security by diversifying energy sources, reducing reliance on imported fuels and decentralising energy generation. Renewable energy also promotes inclusivity by offering opportunities for participation and ownership by diverse communities.
Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and geothermal are naturally replenished, meaning they will never run out. This is in contrast to fossil fuels, which are finite resources. Renewable energy also reduces the environmental impact of energy generation by producing no greenhouse gas emissions and reducing some types of air pollution.
The transition to renewable energy will require multiple levels of change over time. Even if we made the switch entirely to electric cars, we would likely still need hydrocarbon fuels to mine lithium for the batteries and to run machines with longer lifetimes than cars, such as airplanes and ocean-going vessels.
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The challenges of transitioning to renewable energy
While renewable energy sources can effectively replace fossil fuels, there are several challenges to transitioning to renewable energy. Firstly, the transition will require multiple levels of change over time. For example, even if we were to switch entirely to electric cars, we would still need hydrocarbon fuels to mine lithium for batteries and to power machines with longer lifetimes than cars, such as aeroplanes and ocean-going vessels. Secondly, the transition will not happen overnight. While the need to transition is growing more urgent, global dependence on oil, natural gas and coal is well-documented, and the damage this dependence inflicts is severe. Thirdly, while there is growing pressure from constituents and activists for governments to commit to identifying competitive alternatives to fossil fuels, the patience and faith in politicians to do so is fading. Finally, renewable energy sources such as wind farms rely on natural phenomena, such as the wind blowing, to harvest energy.
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The role of natural gas in the transition to renewable energy
Natural gas is expected to play a prominent role in the transition to renewable energy. It is a versatile energy source, used for heating, cooking and industrial applications. Natural gas has a lower carbon footprint than other fossil fuels, emitting about half the CO2 of coal. This makes it an attractive option for reducing carbon emissions in the short term while renewable and energy storage technologies develop.
Blue hydrogen produced using natural gas is also expected to play a significant role in the transition to renewable energy. This is due to limitations in developing sufficient renewable capacity to meet both growing direct power demand and a new appetite for hydrogen.
Natural gas can also help to reduce the systemic risks that impact energy security. In many countries, nuclear power is being phased out, creating an additional need for other technologies to provide a reliable baseload.
However, there are concerns that investing in natural gas might crowd out investments in renewable alternatives.
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The progress made towards replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy
While a full transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not happen overnight, there is growing momentum around the issue. Global movements like Fridays for Future, spurred on by young activists like Greta Thunberg, have put pressure on governments to commit to identifying competitive alternatives to fossil fuels.
Major players do seem to be taking note. For example, US President Joe Biden took executive action to rejoin the Paris Climate Agreement within hours of his inauguration. Renewable energy can effectively replace fossil fuels in key areas that keep industries and countries running, from power to public and private transport to thermal comfort.
However, ending economic dependence on fossil fuels is a work in progress. Even if we made the switch entirely to electric cars, we would likely still need hydrocarbon fuels to mine lithium for the batteries and to run machines with longer lifetimes than cars, such as airplanes and ocean-going vessels.
Renewable energy sources like wind farms rely solely on natural phenomena, such as wind, solar radiation, and geothermal heat, to harvest energy.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, renewable energy can replace fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources can effectively replace fossil fuels in key areas that keep industries and countries running, from power to public and private transport to thermal comfort.
Renewable energy creates crucial environmental, social and economic benefits. The world's dependence on oil, natural gas and coal, and the damage this dependence inflicts, is well documented.
Examples of renewable energy sources include wind, solar and geothermal energy.











































