Rajan Wilcox
Russian tanks are formidable machines that have shaped the history of the country and the world. The T-72, for instance, has seen action in numerous conflicts and has been widely exported to over 40 countries. The T-90, introduced in 1992, and the T-14 'Armata' are newer additions to Russia's arsenal, with the latter capable of firing up to ten rounds per minute and engaging targets at a distance of up to seven kilometers. When it comes to fuel, Russian tanks like the T-72 and T-80U are versatile, capable of running on regular gasoline, kerosene, and diesel, and in emergencies, they can even use fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, and crushed coal.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Types of fuel used by Russian tanks | Regular gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, alcohol, ship fuel, crushed coal |
| Fuel consumption of T-80U | 8 liters per kilometer |
| Fuel consumption of T-72 | 2-4 liters per kilometer |
| Number of T-80U tanks | Not mentioned |
| Number of T-72 tanks | 25,000 |
| Number of T-90 tanks | 400 |
| Number of T-14 tanks | Not mentioned |
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What You'll Learn
- Russian tanks can use gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and other fuels in emergencies
- T-72: a widely exported tank used by over 40 countries
- T-90: an upgrade from the T-72, with over 400 in service
- T-14 'Armata': a tank that can shoot up to 10 rounds per minute
- T-80U: a tank with an engine that produces 1,250 hp
Russian tanks can use gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and other fuels in emergencies
Russian tanks are incredibly versatile when it comes to fuel. Regular gasoline, kerosene, and diesel can be used to power these machines. This flexibility is a strategic advantage, allowing Russian tanks to utilise multiple fuel sources in times of need.
The T-80U, for example, is a powerful tank with a maximum speed of 70 km/h on highways and 45 km/h on rough terrain. While it is a highly capable tank, it has some drawbacks, including high fuel consumption and complex repair requirements. The T-80U consumes about 8 litres per kilometre, which is significantly more than the diesel T-72, which only uses 2 to 4 litres per kilometre.
The T-72 is a widely recognised Russian tank, with over 25,000 built and in use across 40 countries. It has seen action in various conflicts and continues to undergo modernisation. The T-72's fuel efficiency contributes to its enduring popularity.
In emergency situations, Russian tanks can even operate on unconventional fuel sources. These include fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, alcohol, ship fuel, and crushed coal. This adaptability showcases the ingenuity and resilience of Russian tank design, ensuring their tanks can keep moving forward even in challenging fuel supply scenarios.
The T-90 and the more advanced T-14 'Armata' are newer additions to the Russian tank arsenal. The T-14, in particular, boasts impressive capabilities, including a higher rate of fire and longer-range than its American 'Abrams' tank counterpart. Each new Russian tank is also equipped with its own radar system, enhancing their accuracy and firing control.
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T-72: a widely exported tank used by over 40 countries
Russian tanks can use regular gasoline, kerosene, or diesel as fuel. In emergencies, fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, alcohol, ship fuel, and even crushed coal can be used.
The T-72 is a widely exported tank that has been used by over 40 countries and has seen action in numerous conflicts. About 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, and refurbishment has allowed many to remain in service for decades. The T-72 was first introduced in the 1960s as a rival to the T-62 design, and it has since undergone various upgrades and modifications. The T-90, introduced in 1992, and the Chinese Type 99 are further developments of the T-72.
The T-72 is a highly protected tank. The T-72BI model, with Kontakt-5 ERA, had frontal armour that was immune to NATO's 120 mm L/44 tank gun. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, US and German analysts examined the T-72 and found that its armour was impenetrable to most Cold War US and German tank projectiles and anti-tank weapons. The T-72 has seen combat in the First and Second Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War.
In 2018, the 3rd Central Research Institute in Moscow tested a proof-of-concept demonstration for robotic tank mobility based on the T-72B3. In 2022, during the invasion of Ukraine, production of the T-90 and T-14 Armata tanks slowed due to international sanctions, but more T-72s were ordered. A new batch of T-72B3M tanks was delivered in late 2022.
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T-90: an upgrade from the T-72, with over 400 in service
Russian tanks can use regular gasoline, kerosene, and diesel as fuel. In emergencies, fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, alcohol, ship fuel, and even crushed coal can be used.
The T-72 is a tank that has been in use by the Russian Army since the First and Second Chechen Wars, the Russo-Georgian War, and the Russo-Ukrainian War. About 25,000 T-72 tanks have been built, with many remaining in service for decades due to refurbishment. The T-72 has been widely exported and has seen service in 40 countries and numerous conflicts.
The T-90 is an upgraded version of the T-72, with over 400 in service and about 200 in storage. It was introduced in 1992 but purchases for the Russian army were discontinued in 2011 to free up funds for the new T-14 'Armata'. The T-90 is equipped with a modular dynamic 'Relic' protection system, and the basic version is designed for use with a 125-mm gun. However, it can also be supplied with a 152-mm cannon. The T-90 is capable of shooting up to ten rounds per minute and can hit targets at a distance of up to seven kilometers.
While the T-72 has been a workhorse for the Russian military, the T-90 offers significant improvements in terms of firepower, protection, and technology. The T-90's modular protection system and more advanced weaponry give it an edge over the T-72, making it a valuable asset in modern warfare.
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T-14 'Armata': a tank that can shoot up to 10 rounds per minute
The T-14 Armata is a Tier 10 Russian Main Battle Tank. It was first unveiled during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade, and the Russian army started testing it in September 2016. The T-14 Armata is based on the Armata universal platform, which was developed in the early 2010s by Uralvagonzavod, leveraging their decades of tank-building experience. The tank features a number of significant technological upgrades, including an unmanned turret fitted with an automatically loaded 125mm smoothbore cannon capable of firing at a rate of 10 rounds per minute.
The T-14 Armata is a formidable vehicle, boasting enhanced mobility and firepower that make it well-suited for attacking enemies at short to medium ranges. While its armour may not be as robust as other Tier 10 tanks, it can still withstand significant punishment, including hits from contemporary western guided missiles and shells. The composite armour layout is further bolstered by the Malakhit ERA kit, ensuring the tank can hold its own in even the most intense firefights.
The T-14's 125mm 2A82-1M gun is a force to be reckoned with. It can fire a variety of ammunition, including the Vacuum-1 Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) round, which has a penetrator capable of piercing through impressive amounts of armour. Additionally, the gun can also launch guided missiles, such as the 9M119M1 Invar-M, effective at ranges from 100m to 5km, even engaging low-flying air targets like helicopters.
The T-14 Armata is powered by a formidable 1200 to 1500 horsepower 12-cylinder diesel engine, enabling it to reach speeds of up to 90 kilometres per hour. The tank's initial production run of 100 vehicles was already contracted by the Russian military, and Russia had ambitious plans to produce several thousand Armata platform vehicles by 2020-2025, including approximately 2300 T-14 Main Battle Tanks. However, the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine caused significant disruptions, and the programme's future remains uncertain.
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T-80U: a tank with an engine that produces 1,250 hp
The T-80 is a main battle tank of the Russian Army, first introduced in the late 1970s. It was designed as an improvement on the T-64, with a gas turbine engine, giving it excellent mobility due to its high power-to-weight ratio. The T-80U is a later variant of the T-80, introduced in 1985, with "U" standing for "improvement". It is powered by a GTD-1250 gas turbine engine, producing 1,250 hp (919-920 kW). This engine is an improvement on the GTD-1000 series used in previous T-80 tanks, with better dynamic stability, service life, and reliability. The GTD-1250 has three shafts and two cascades of turbo compression, and can use jet fuels, diesel, and low-octane gasoline.
The T-80U has a high fuel consumption, which was a problem during the First Chechen War, where the tank saw poor performance. The T-80U's gas turbine engine uses a lot of fuel even at idle, and most tank crews exhausted their fuel this way. This issue was addressed in the diesel-powered T-80UD, which has much lower fuel consumption. The T-80UD was developed in parallel with the T-80U and adopted by the Russian army in the 1990s.
The T-80U has a variety of advanced features, including an independent auxiliary power unit for when the tank is stationary, a fire control system that permits firing on the move, and a planetary power transmission with a hydraulic servo-system for increased mobility. The suspension and track system includes rubber-tyred road wheels and hydraulic telescopic double-acting shock absorbers. The T-80U is protected by a second generation of explosive reactive armour called Kontakt-5, which can reduce the penetration of armour-piercing rounds.
The T-80 series has seen continuous development, with variants such as the T-80UM1, which features improved defensive capabilities, and the T-80UM2, also known as the Black Eagle, which was designed to engage targets while stationary or on the move. The T-80 main battle tank was phased out in favour of the T-90 in 1996, but production of the T-80 was resumed in 2023.
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Frequently asked questions
Russian tanks like the T-72, T-90, and T-14 use regular gasoline, kerosene, and diesel as fuel.
In emergencies, Russian tanks can use fuel oil, natural gas, water gas, alcohol, ship fuel, and even crushed coal.
The T-80U tank consumes about 8 liters per kilometer, while the diesel T-72 consumes just 2-4 liters per kilometer.
