Mercedes Mullins
Diesel fuel is a common energy source used globally, with over 100,000 diesel fuel storage tanks in the United States alone. However, concerns have been raised about potential corrosion issues in these tanks. The EPA has conducted extensive surveys and studies on the prevalence of storage tank corrosion, finding that it is more common than expected. The main factors contributing to corrosion include the presence of microbes that feed on biofuels, water content, oxidation, and the interaction with different metals. Biodiesel, in particular, has been found to be more corrosive than conventional diesel, especially for metals like copper and aluminum. Preventative measures, such as regular inspections, water removal, and fuel filtering, are recommended to mitigate corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Corrosive Nature | Diesel fuel is corrosive, especially when in contact with certain metals. Biodiesel is more corrosive than conventional diesel fuel. |
| Metal Compatibility | Copper and aluminium are susceptible to corrosion by biodiesel, while stainless steel is more resistant. |
| Corrosion Causes | Water presence, oxidation, microbial activity, and fuel degradation are contributing factors to corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks. |
| Prevention and Maintenance | Regular inspections, water removal, fuel filtering, and anti-corrosion treatments are recommended to prevent and mitigate corrosion. |
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What You'll Learn
Microbial-induced corrosion (MIC)
Diesel fuel can cause corrosion in storage tanks. A 2017 webinar by Bell Performance highlighted the issue of corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks. The EPA collaborated with private industry groups to conduct a survey and study of the prevalence of storage tank corrosion. The study found that tank corrosion was more common than expected. The EPA's findings also suggested a link to Microbial-Induced Corrosion (MIC).
The presence of water in diesel fuel storage tanks can contribute to MIC. Water can provide a suitable environment for microbial growth and metabolism, leading to the corrosion of tank materials. Additionally, the microbes may utilize the biofuel components as a source of energy, further promoting their growth and corrosive activity.
To prevent MIC in diesel fuel storage tanks, it is crucial to regularly check for and remove water from the tanks. The EPA recommends controlling water levels, filtering the fuel for water and particulates, using biocides and anti-corrosion chemical treatments, and partnering with service companies to ensure proper tank maintenance and repair. Human inspection by trained personnel is essential, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the tank's condition and helps confirm readings from electronic monitors.
Overall, while the specific mechanisms of MIC in diesel fuel may require further research, the available evidence suggests that it is a likely contributor to corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks. By understanding the role of microbes in corrosion, effective strategies can be implemented to mitigate the associated risks and maintain the integrity of diesel fuel storage systems.
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Corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
In 2017, Bell Performance collaborated with the EPA and private industry groups to conduct a survey and study of the prevalence of corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks. The EPA's findings revealed that tank corrosion was more common than expected. The presence of ethanol and biodiesel in diesel fuel samples was found to contribute to corrosion issues due to their attraction to microbes, which feed on biofuels.
The EPA's study also indicated a possible link between biofuel components in diesel and Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC). While the results did not prove or disprove the theory, the EPA stated that there was strong evidence to support the possibility. The properties of water samples from the tanks further supported the connection between microbial activity and tank corrosion, with bacteria like Acetobacter being the most abundant in previous samples.
To prevent corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks, the EPA recommends several measures. These include regularly checking for and removing water from tanks, filtering the fuel for water and particulates, using biocide and anti-corrosion chemical treatments, and partnering with service companies for proper tank maintenance and repair. Human inspection by trained personnel is crucial, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the tank's condition and confirms electronic monitor readings.
Additionally, the corrosive nature of biodiesel compared to conventional diesel fuel has been a subject of study. Immersion tests and exposure to metals have shown that biodiesel causes more corrosion and changes in fuel properties. Copper and aluminum are particularly susceptible to attack by biodiesel, while stainless steel exhibits greater resistance to corrosion. The presence of water during biodiesel production, storage, and use in diesel engines can also lead to issues such as fuel system component corrosion and accelerated hydrolytic reactions.
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Corrosion of metal by biodiesel
Biodiesel is highly corrosive in nature and can cause corrosion in metals commonly used in automotive part manufacturing. The corrosion mechanism of biodiesel on metals is mostly attributed to chemical corrosion, with the corrosion products being primarily fatty acid salts or metal oxides. The TAN is a key indicator of the potential corrosiveness of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends.
Elevated TAN values can accelerate corrosion and adversely affect the durability and performance of engine and fuel system components. The corrosion process involves the interaction of acids with metal surfaces, promoting the formation of oxides and other corrosion products. This can result in the degradation of fuel system components, including fuel tanks, pipelines, and engine parts.
Common metals affected by biodiesel-induced corrosion include aluminum, copper, and zinc. Copper alloys, including fuel pumps, bearings, and bushings, are notably affected by the type of fuel they encounter. Studies have shown that the corrosion rates of copper, carbon steel, aluminum, and stainless steel in biodiesel are 0.02334, 0.01819, 0.00324, and 0.00087 mm/year, respectively. The corrosion effects of biodiesel on copper and carbon steel are more significant than on aluminum and stainless steel.
The water present in biodiesel can also cause corrosion. As the temperature increases, the water in biodiesel turns to water vapour, which then condenses on the surface of metal auto parts, leading to corrosion. Additionally, the water in biodiesel can generate hydrolytic reactions, resulting in the formation of organic acids.
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Corrosion of metal by diesel
Diesel fuel is corrosive, and this corrosiveness can be influenced by several factors. The presence of water, for instance, can cause problems in the production, purification, storage, and use of biodiesel, leading to corrosion in fuel system components. This is supported by the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) findings, which suggest a link between microbial activity and tank corrosion.
The EPA's study of over 42 diesel fuel storage tanks across the country found that the presence of other substances, such as ethanol and biodiesel, contributes to corrosion issues due to their attraction to microbes. Microbes feed on biofuels, and the resulting microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) can affect the metal species in diesel fuel storage tanks.
The corrosiveness of diesel fuel can vary depending on its composition and the type of metal it comes into contact with. Immersion tests and exposure experiments have shown that biodiesel causes more corrosion to copper and aluminium than conventional diesel. Copper, in particular, experiences an increased corrosion rate over time when exposed to biodiesel. On the other hand, stainless steel exhibits no significant corrosion even when exposed to biodiesel.
To mitigate corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks, the EPA recommends several measures. These include regularly checking for and removing water from tanks, filtering the fuel for water and particulates, using biocides and anti-corrosion chemical treatments, and partnering with service companies for proper tank maintenance and repair. Human inspection by trained personnel is crucial, as it provides a comprehensive understanding of the tank's condition and helps confirm electronic monitor readings.
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Preventing corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks
Diesel fuel is corrosive, and corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks is a common problem. The EPA has conducted extensive surveys and studies on the prevalence of storage tank corrosion, finding that it is more common than expected. The presence of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, that feed on biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel, contributes to corrosion issues. Water accumulation in tanks is also a significant factor in corrosion, and regular water removal is crucial for prevention.
To prevent corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks, it is essential to implement several strategies:
Regular Water Removal
Water accumulation in diesel fuel storage tanks is a significant contributor to corrosion. The EPA recommends regularly checking for and removing water from tanks to prevent corrosion. Water can lead to microbial growth and accelerate corrosion. Utilize water monitors to detect water accumulation, but also perform regular physical inspections by trained personnel to confirm electronic readings and comprehensively assess the tank's condition.
Fuel Filtering and Treatment
Filtering diesel fuel for water and particulate matter is essential to reducing the risk of corrosion. The EPA also recommends using biocide and anti-corrosion chemical treatments to mitigate the growth of microbes and inhibit corrosion. Partnering with service companies can ensure that the fuel is properly treated and maintained.
Tank Maintenance and Inspection
Regular maintenance and inspection of diesel fuel storage tanks are crucial for corrosion prevention. Tanks that sit unchecked for years, such as emergency fuel storage tanks, are highly susceptible to corrosion-related problems, which can lead to safety hazards and costly repairs. Visual inspections by trained professionals can help identify early signs of corrosion and ensure the proper functioning of the tank and its components.
Microbial Control
The presence of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, that feed on biofuels can contribute to corrosion. While the link between microbes and corrosion is not yet fully proven, the EPA's studies have found strong evidence suggesting a connection. Controlling microbial growth through the use of biocides and proper fuel treatment can help reduce the risk of corrosion in diesel fuel storage tanks.
Compatible Materials
The choice of materials used in the construction of diesel fuel storage tanks and their components is essential to consider. Certain metals, such as copper and aluminum, are more susceptible to corrosion when exposed to biodiesel, while others, like stainless steel, show higher resistance. Understanding the compatibility of different materials with diesel fuel can help in making informed decisions during the design and construction of storage tanks.
By following these strategies, diesel fuel storage tank owners and operators can effectively prevent corrosion, maintain the integrity of their fuel supply, and reduce the risk of costly repairs and safety hazards associated with corroded tanks.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, diesel fuel can be corrosive, especially when it comes into contact with certain metals such as copper and aluminium.
The corrosiveness of diesel fuel is often linked to the presence of water, oxygen, and fatty acids produced from auto-oxidation.
Yes, biodiesel, which is often blended with conventional diesel fuel, has been found to be more corrosive than petroleum diesel.
Diesel fuel corrosion can lead to significant safety risks and costly repairs, especially in fuel storage tanks.
To prevent diesel fuel corrosion, it is important to regularly check for and remove water from tanks, filter the fuel for water and particulates, and use anti-corrosion chemical treatments.
