Regan Brown
Repairing a small engine fuel tank can be a tricky process, and it's important to take the necessary precautions to avoid injury or damage. Before beginning any repair work, it is crucial to ensure that the engine is cooled down and that the fuel and its vapors are handled with extreme care, as they are highly flammable and explosive. The first step in repairing a small engine fuel tank is to identify the issue, which could range from a clogged fuel filter to a leaking tank. Once the problem is identified, the appropriate repair procedure can be followed, which may include cleaning, adjusting, or replacing parts such as the fuel filter, carburetor, or fuel tank itself. In some cases, welding or soldering may be required to fix cracks or leaks in the tank. It is always recommended to refer to the engine manual and seek professional guidance if needed.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Engine type | Two-stroke or four-stroke |
| Fuel tank type | Pressurized or non-pressurized |
| Fuel filter location | Inside or outside the tank |
| Fuel tank material | Metal or plastic |
| Repair technique | Soldering, welding, gluing, acid cleaning, replacement |
| Safety considerations | Fuel and its vapors are flammable and explosive; handle with care |
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What You'll Learn
Drain the fuel tank
It is important to drain the fuel tank of small engines at the end of the season. This is because gas that sits in the tank for too long can go bad, making it difficult to start the engine when the time comes to use it again. Sediment, varnish-like contaminants, and condensation can build up in the tank, causing issues.
There are several ways to drain the fuel tank of a small engine. One way is to remove the drainage bolt and let the fuel run out of the float tank. Then, remove the carburetor, spray it with a carburetor cleaner, and reinstall it. Afterward, simply reassemble the parts and start the engine.
Another way to drain the fuel tank is to open the throttle wide open and let the engine run until the fuel tank is empty. It is recommended to do this outside on top of a tarp, while taking safety precautions such as wearing safety glasses and disposable gloves.
If your small engine has a fuel filter located inside the tank, you will need to consult a professional on how to service it. However, if the filter is located outside the tank, you can disconnect the battery and fuel line, seal the fuel line with a clamp, and then disconnect the line from the carburetor. Dispose of the fuel safely and check the tank for debris and cracks.
In addition to draining the fuel tank, it is also important to swirl water around inside the tank and rinse it out several times until the smell of gas is no longer present. Gas vapour in the tank can be dangerous.
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Identify the type of plastic
To identify the type of plastic used in a small engine fuel tank, you can use a combination of visual inspection, touch, and knowledge of common plastics used in fuel tanks. Here are some steps to help you identify the plastic:
- Visual Inspection: Start by looking at the fuel tank. Different types of plastics have distinct visual characteristics. For example, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics often have a transparent or translucent appearance, while polypropylene plastics are usually opaque. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is known for its stiff and rigid structure. If you see any symbols or recycling codes on the plastic, that can be a quick way to identify the type of plastic. For example, Symbol 1 represents polyester and PET plastics, while Symbol 5 indicates polypropylene.
- Touch and Flexibility: Feel the surface of the plastic. Some plastics are known for their flexibility. For instance, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is flexible and can change its shape without damage. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) can also be both rigid and flexible, depending on its application. Touching the plastic can give you a sense of its texture and flexibility, providing clues about the type of plastic used.
- Common Plastics for Fuel Tanks: It's important to know that certain types of plastics are commonly used for fuel tanks. Small gas tanks, like those used in lawnmowers and snowblowers, are typically made from HDPE. This plastic is strong, rigid, and resistant to acidic chemicals. On the other hand, automotive gas tanks often use multilayer constructions with barrier materials to prevent gasoline diffusion. These may include materials like Polyethylene (PE) or other specialised plastics.
- Float Test and Burn Test: While not definitive, the float test and burn test can provide additional clues about the type of plastic. The float test involves placing a small piece of the plastic in water to see if it floats or sinks, which can help rule out certain types. The burn test involves carefully burning a small piece of the plastic and observing the colour of the flame and the smoke. Different plastics burn in distinct ways, which can provide additional identification clues.
- Professional Identification: If you're unable to identify the plastic confidently, consider seeking professional assistance. There are laboratories and plastic identification services that can accurately identify the type of plastic through advanced testing and analysis. This option may be particularly useful if you need a precise identification for regulatory or research purposes.
By following these steps and combining visual inspection, tactile feedback, and knowledge of common fuel tank plastics, you can narrow down the type of plastic used in your small engine fuel tank. Remember to exercise caution when performing any tests, and always prioritise your safety.
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Weld or solder the crack
Welding or soldering the crack in a small engine fuel tank is a delicate procedure that requires caution. Here is a step-by-step guide:
First, ensure the tank is empty and free of fuel or vapors, as these can be flammable and explosive. Drain the tank and use water to swirl and rinse the inside until the smell of gas is no longer detectable.
Next, identify the type of plastic the tank is made of, which is usually printed on the tank. This information will be useful for determining the appropriate welding or soldering technique and materials.
If you choose to weld the crack, you can use a soldering iron or a plastic welder. It is important to gradually increase the heat to avoid scorching the plastic. Start with a low temperature and slowly increase it until the plastic just starts to melt. This technique will help you achieve a strong weld without damaging the surrounding material.
Alternatively, you can use a solder gun or a soldering iron with a suitable filler material. The filler material should match the color and type of plastic used in the tank. Black filler material, for example, can be used to repair a black fuel tank.
For either method, it is recommended to drill a small hole at both ends of the crack to prevent it from spreading further. This technique helps to contain the damage and ensures a more effective repair.
Finally, it is crucial to prioritize safety throughout the process. Fuel tank repairs can be dangerous, and it may be advisable to seek professional assistance or consult an expert before attempting any repairs.
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Clean the tank
Before cleaning a small engine fuel tank, it is important to consult the engine and equipment manual to avoid personal injury or property damage. Fuel and its vapors are extremely flammable and explosive, so always handle fuel with extreme care.
To clean the tank, first, disconnect the tank from the machinery. For a lawnmower, remove the fuel line and spark plugs. For a motorcycle, remove the petcock, gas cap, and all attached hoses. Next, seal the fuel line with a smooth-faced clamp to prevent residual gasoline, dirt, or objects from entering the fuel line. Then, empty the tank by pouring the remaining fuel into a gasoline-safe container. If there is fuel that cannot be poured out, use a suction hose to remove it. Allow the tank to dry completely before proceeding.
Once the tank is empty and dry, inspect it for any problems or defects. Shine a flashlight into the tank to look for debris, holes, cracks, or beads of light that indicate issues with the tank's integrity. Use a baster to remove any loose debris. If there is a fuel filter inside the tank, consult a local dealer on how to service it. If the filter is located outside the tank, it can be removed and replaced.
After inspecting and addressing any issues, the tank can be cleaned. One method is to rinse the tank with a small amount of gas, seal the tank, and shake it well. The used gas should then be drawn off and discarded safely. Another method is to use high-pressure water to break down any buildup at the bottom of the tank without introducing chemicals. A garden hose can also be used to wash the tank. If there is corrosion, an acid cleaning can be performed using a mixture of vinegar and water, followed by a rinse with baking soda water and soap water. Finally, a small amount of diesel fuel can be splashed around the inside of the tank to prevent flash rusting.
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Reattach the spark plug
Reattaching the spark plug is one of the easiest and most inexpensive engine components to replace. Before reattaching the spark plug, ensure that you have the right tools at hand. You will need a spark plug socket wrench, a torque wrench, and a small amount of anti-seize compound.
First, locate the spark plugs. They are usually located near the engine's cylinders. Next, carefully disconnect the spark plug wires using a spark plug wire puller. Clean the area around the spark plug to avoid getting debris in the combustion chamber when you reattach the plug.
Now, you can install the new spark plug. Lightly coat the threads of the new spark plug with a small amount of anti-seize compound. Screw the new spark plug into the cylinder head, ensuring it is seated properly. Use the torque wrench to tighten the spark plug to the manufacturer's recommended specifications. Over-tightening can damage the threads, while under-tightening can lead to leaks and misfires.
Finally, carefully reattach the spark plug wires to the new spark plug, ensuring a secure connection. The wires should snap firmly into place. Once all the wires are reconnected, attempt to start the engine. Listen for any unusual noises or signs of misfiring. After starting the engine, inspect the spark plug area for any signs of leaks. If you see any leaks, re-tighten the spark plugs to the specified torque.
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Frequently asked questions
Small engine fuel tank repair will depend on the type of tank and the issue. If the tank is leaking, you will need to drain the fuel and replace the tank. If the tank has a crack, you can try to weld the crack or drill a hole at both ends to stop it from spreading.
To drain the fuel from your small engine fuel tank, place a container under the tank outlet and release the clamp to remove the gas line. Then, disconnect the line from the carburetor and dispose of the fuel in a safe manner.
If your small engine fuel tank is leaking or cracked, it needs to be repaired or replaced. You can try to repair the tank by welding the crack or drilling holes at both ends to stop it from spreading. If the tank is severely damaged or corroded, it may be better to replace it entirely.
