Sylvie Willis
Bollards are short, thick posts, usually made of concrete-filled steel, that are set into the ground to protect gas meters, boilers, furnaces, oil tanks, and water heaters from being struck by vehicles. Bollards are also used to protect buildings and storefronts, as well as to control traffic flow and protect pedestrians. Pipe bollards are commonly installed around fuel tanks to prevent fuel spills and leaks, which are the most significant cause of pollution liability. The number of bollards required around a fuel tank depends on several factors, including the diameter of the pipe, the wall thickness, the height and depth of the bollard, the speed and mass of vehicles, and the type of concrete used. Bollards should be placed at least 3 feet apart and 3 feet from the tank to provide adequate protection.
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What You'll Learn
Bollard spacing standards
Bollards are protective barriers that are commonly used to prevent vehicles from striking equipment such as boilers, furnaces, water heaters, or fuel and oil tanks. Bollards are typically made of concrete-filled steel pipes with diameters ranging from 2" to 6". They are set into the soil or slab to create a sturdy barrier. Bollard spacing standards vary depending on their function and the site where they are installed. Here are some guidelines and considerations for bollard spacing:
Bollard Spacing for Pedestrian Safety:
In areas with frequent pedestrian traffic, it is essential to maintain adequate spacing between bollard posts to ensure accessibility for all individuals, including those using wheelchairs or motorized chairs. A minimum distance of 3 feet between each bollard post is recommended to comply with accessibility standards, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act. This spacing allows comfortable passage for individuals with mobility aids and ensures that bollards do not create a hazard or obstruction.
Bollard Spacing for Vehicle Impact Protection:
When installing bollards for vehicle impact protection, the spacing should consider the speed and mass of the vehicles. Bollards with smaller diameters may be placed closer together to create a continuous barrier that can withstand the impact of a vehicle. For example, 4-inch heavy wall steel pipe bollards, concrete-filled and placed no more than 3 feet apart, can provide effective protection against vehicles travelling at low speeds. The spacing should also consider the angle of impact and the potential for side-swipes, ensuring that the bollards are positioned at a safe distance from the protected structure, such as a fuel tank.
Bollard Spacing for Visual Perimeters and Traffic Calming:
Bollards can also be used to create visual perimeters around landmarks or to calm traffic. In these cases, the spacing may be more flexible and designed to guide traffic flow or create a visually appealing perimeter. Bollards used for traffic calming are often spaced closer together to encourage drivers to slow down and be more cautious. Decorative bollards, on the other hand, may be spaced to prevent human access to specific areas while still providing a clear view of the surroundings.
Bollard Spacing for Fuel Tank Protection:
When installing bollards around fuel tanks, the spacing should consider the size and location of the tank, as well as the local regulations and safety requirements. Pipe bollards are commonly used to protect fuel tanks, and the spacing should be determined based on the specific dimensions and layout of the tank area. Bollards should be positioned at a safe distance from the tank to prevent any impact and provide effective protection. It is important to consult with experts and adhere to local codes and standards when determining the appropriate spacing for bollards around fuel tanks.
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Bollard materials and aesthetics
Bollards are commonly used to protect fuel tanks from being struck by vehicles. They can be made from a variety of materials, each with its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of aesthetics, durability, and cost.
Concrete bollards are a popular choice for fuel tank protection due to their high impact resistance, affordability, and long lifespan. They can be customised to match the surrounding architecture, making them a versatile option for both indoor and outdoor installations. However, concrete bollards are typically fixed in place and challenging to relocate due to their weight. Additionally, concrete is susceptible to weathering, cracking, and chipping over time, which may impact their effectiveness in hostile vehicle mitigation.
Steel bollards are another widely used option for fuel tank protection. They offer excellent impact resistance, making them suitable for high-velocity vehicle protection. Steel bollards are often filled with concrete to enhance their strength and durability. While steel is a sturdy option, it may require additional care to maintain its appearance, especially in demanding environments.
Cast iron bollards are commonly used in historic or conservation areas as they offer a classic, ornamental appearance. They are heavy-duty and durable, providing good resistance to impact, mechanical wear, and corrosion. However, cast iron bollards can be more expensive than other materials and prone to cracking or shattering on impact.
Aluminum bollards are a lightweight and decorative option for fuel tank protection. They offer some protection against vehicles while being easily relocatable. Aluminum is also less prone to rusting compared to steel or cast iron, making it a low-maintenance choice.
Plastic bollards are lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to install. They are often used for visual guidance and can be produced in various colours to match the surrounding environment. However, plastic bollards may not provide the same level of durability and strength as other materials, making them more suitable for low-impact situations.
The choice of bollard material depends on various factors, including the level of protection required, aesthetic considerations, durability, and cost. It is essential to select a suitable material that meets the specific requirements of the fuel tank installation and ensures the safety of the surrounding area.
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Bollard installation methods
Bollards are crucial in new building construction, but their installation methods can vary depending on the specific requirements and context. Here are some common bollard installation methods:
Removable Bollards
Removable bollards are physical and visual barriers that can be temporarily installed to manage traffic and notify road users about lane closures, roadworks, or heavy traffic. They are ideal for sites with fluctuating access needs and can be installed with specialised mounting systems.
Collapsible Bollards
Collapsible bollards, also known as retractable bollards, are built into the ground and can be raised or lowered as needed. They are commonly used in parks or areas with public service equipment and are useful in work zones that require consistent maintenance.
Fixed Bollards
Fixed bollards are permanently installed to protect areas from vehicular traffic and are often used in security applications. They can be installed with a threaded rod and, in some cases, a concrete anchor or anchor casting.
Drop-in Concrete Inserts
When working with existing concrete, drop-in concrete inserts provide a convenient and cost-effective method to install bollards without extensive modifications or delays.
Adhesive Anchoring
Adhesive anchoring is another technique suitable for existing concrete surfaces, allowing bollards to be securely affixed without the need for extensive modifications.
Flanged Surface Mounting
Flanged surface mounting is a method that can be employed when installing bollards on existing concrete, offering a straightforward and cost-effective solution.
Embedding Bollard Footings into New Concrete
This method allows for below-grade mounting options, including retractable and removable bollards, as well as impact-protective bollards.
It is important to consult professionals and consider the specific requirements of your site to determine the most suitable bollard type and installation method. Factors such as traffic control, protection of fuel tanks, vehicles, workers, and pedestrians should be carefully evaluated to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
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Bollard function and purpose
Bollards are short, thick posts, usually made of concrete-filled steel, that are set into the ground to protect assets and people from vehicles. Bollards are often used to protect fuel tanks, gas meters, boilers, furnaces, and water heaters from being struck by vehicles. They can also be used to protect buildings and storefronts, control traffic movement, and prevent deliberate ramming by vehicles.
The number and spacing of bollards required around fuel tanks depend on various factors, including local conditions, the type of traffic expected, and the surrounding environment. Bollards should be placed at an adequate distance from the fuel tank to ensure that, in the event of a collision, the bollard does not bend and impact the tank. The recommended distance between the bollard and the tank is three feet. Additionally, there should be adequate spacing between bollard posts, with a minimum of three feet between each post, to allow access for all pedestrians, including those in wheelchairs and motorized chairs.
The specific number of bollards required will depend on the layout of the site and the size of the fuel tank setup. Bollards are typically set 2" to 6" in diameter concrete-filled pipes set into the soil or slab. The depth of the bollard into the ground, as well as the height above ground, are important factors in determining its effectiveness in stopping a vehicle. Other variables that impact a bollard's ability to stop a vehicle include the pipe diameter, wall thickness, area of the base, soil and concrete type, structural properties of the steel, and the vehicle's speed and mass.
In addition to bollards, other methods of protection for fuel tanks include double-walled tanks, leak detectors, piping, wood framing, concrete pillars, and concrete wheel stops. Curbing can also be used to control vehicle placement near tanks. It is important to consider the specific requirements and regulations of the local jurisdiction, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Natural Resources (DNR), when installing fuel tanks and the accompanying protective measures.
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Bollard maintenance and inspection
Bollards are a reliable and steadfast fixture in most outdoor spaces, and even some indoor spaces. They are designed to withstand adverse weather and environmental conditions, but these will inevitably take a toll over time. Therefore, regular maintenance and servicing are required to keep them functioning optimally.
Frequency of Inspection and Maintenance
Bollards in rural environments should be inspected monthly. In harsh or coastal environments, bollards require more frequent checks due to exposure to concentrated atmospheric pollutants. Bollards in high-traffic areas or saline locations will also require more frequent attention. For automatic bollards, maintenance should be carried out every 3 or 6 months to prevent malfunctions and keep internal systems functioning properly. Semi-automatic lift-assisted bollards should be serviced annually at a minimum, with twice-yearly services recommended for high-traffic locations. Fixed bollards without moving parts require less frequent servicing, but regular inspections are still necessary to check for damage, stability, and corrosion.
Inspection and Cleaning
During inspections, check for visible damage to the bollard structure, such as cracks, dents, or rust. Use your professional judgment to ascertain when a bollard is damaged beyond repair and may need to be replaced. To clean, use a soft nylon brush to remove accumulated dirt, then wash with mild soap or detergent, rinse with clean water, and wipe dry with a soft cloth. Avoid solvent cleaners when removing graffiti. Instead, use a T-cutting compound or specialist cleaner, testing on a small area first.
Remedial Work
Any remedial work identified during inspections should be carried out promptly. Apply protective coatings, secure loose foundations, and tighten or replace loose or missing parts. If parts are broken or missing, contact the manufacturer to determine the availability of replacements. Heavily damaged products should be removed from service until repairs or replacements can be made.
Record-Keeping
It is important to record all inspections, cleaning, and maintenance, including the methods, products, and repair work undertaken. This prevents misunderstandings and saves time and money in the long run.
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Frequently asked questions
Bollards are needed to protect fuel tanks from being struck by vehicles. Bollards are also installed to prevent deliberate ramming by a vehicle or to control traffic movement.
Pipe bollards are usually made of steel and are concrete-filled.
The number of pipe bollards needed around fuel tanks depends on the size of the tank and the local conditions with regard to the kinds of traffic that can be expected and the surrounding environment. Bollards should be placed no more than 3 feet apart and 3 feet from the tank.
Alternatives to pipe bollards include guard rails, raised sidewalks, fencing, ditches, berms, jersey barriers, and parking bumpers.
Yes, pipe bollards can be high or low impact resistant. Some are meant to stand strong against vehicles, while others are non-abrasive and only function as visual barriers. Bollards can also be decorative and used to create visual perimeters around landscapes or monuments.
