Rajan Wilcox
A barrel of crude oil typically contains 42 gallons of liquid. The amount of diesel fuel in a barrel of crude oil varies based on market demands and the location of the refinery. On average, a barrel of crude oil produces about 11 to 13 gallons of distillate, which is then distributed into different diesel fuels and fuel oils.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of gallons in a barrel of diesel fuel | 42 gallons |
| Number of gallons of ultra-low sulfur distillate fuel oil in a barrel | 11-12 gallons |
| Number of gallons of gasoline in a barrel | 19-20 gallons |
| Number of gallons of hydrocarbon gas liquids in a barrel | 2 gallons |
| Number of gallons of residual fuel in a barrel | 1 gallon |
| Number of gallons of kerosene in a barrel | 4 gallons |
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What You'll Learn
A 42-gallon barrel of crude oil
ULSD, also used interchangeably with heating oil and biodiesel, typically accounts for 11 to 12 gallons, or roughly 25% of the finished product. Gasoline, primarily used as fuel for vehicles, makes up 19 to 20 gallons, or 45%, of the refined fuels from a barrel. Kerosene, used in heaters, lamps, and cooking stoves, contributes about 4 gallons, or 9%, to the refined products. Hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL), serving as feedstock for chemicals and plastics, make up around 2 gallons, or 4%, of the refined outputs. Lastly, residual fuel, which is a general classification for fuel oils remaining after refining, constitutes a small portion, with just 1 gallon, or 2%, of the final product.
It is important to note that the composition of refined products from crude oil can vary based on market demands, and refinery yields may fluctuate from month to month as producers adapt to meet demand and maximize profits.
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19-20 gallons of gasoline from a barrel
A barrel typically contains 42 gallons of crude oil, which can be refined into a range of products, including gasoline and diesel fuel. The amount of each product that can be derived from a barrel of crude oil varies according to market demands and the location of the refinery.
In the United States, a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil typically yields 19-20 gallons of motor gasoline. This gasoline is primarily used as fuel for standard passenger vehicles, but it is also used for boats, power tools, and small engines. It is often sent to fuel blending terminals, where blending agents are added to comply with ethanol requirements.
Gasoline is one of the most important and prevalent refined products derived from crude oil in the US. It accounts for a significant proportion of a barrel of refined fuels, typically yielding around 20 gallons, or 45%, of a 45-gallon barrel.
The gasoline derived from crude oil is typically sold in three grades: Regular, Midgrade, and Premium. These grades are also referred to as unleaded, super, or super-premium. Retailers often add unique brand-specific additives to differentiate their gasoline products from the competition.
In addition to gasoline, a barrel of crude oil yields approximately 11-12 gallons of ultra-low sulfur distillate fuel oil, which is often sold as diesel fuel or heating oil. This diesel fuel is the second-largest portion of a refined product barrel, accounting for roughly 11 gallons or 25% of the finished product.
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11-13 gallons of distillate from a barrel
A barrel typically contains 42 gallons of crude oil. This can be refined into a range of products, including gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, hydrocarbon gas liquids, and residual fuel. The exact composition of a refined barrel of crude oil will vary based on market demands.
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is one of the most common refined products derived from crude oil. It is often used interchangeably with heating oil and biodiesel. Together, ULSD and heating oil typically make up 11 to 13 gallons of distillate from a barrel, with some sources specifying a range of 11 to 12 gallons. This accounts for roughly 25% of the finished product.
The amount of ULSD produced from a barrel of crude oil can vary from month to month as refiners adjust their operations to meet changing market demands and maximize profits. ULSD is a significant consumer of diesel fuel, and fluctuations in the supply and demand of crude oil can impact its price.
In addition to ULSD, other refined products derived from crude oil include gasoline, kerosene, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL), and residual fuel. Gasoline typically accounts for 20 gallons or 45% of a 45-gallon barrel of refined fuels. Kerosene, commonly used in heaters, lamps, and cooking stoves, makes up about 4 gallons or 9% of the refined products. HGL, used as feedstock for chemicals and fuel, contributes approximately 2 gallons or 4%, while residual fuel accounts for the smallest portion at 1 gallon or 2%.
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Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD)
A barrel of diesel fuel contains 42 gallons. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a variant of traditional or "normal" diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur content. The National Environment Agency (NEA) defines ULSD as diesel fuel with less than 50 parts per million (ppm), or 0.005 per cent, of sulfur.
The production of ULSD involves removing sulfur from diesel fuel through processing. This is done in response to regulatory actions aimed at reducing diesel fuel emissions. In 1970, the Clean Air Act was passed by Congress to reduce harmful emissions from automobiles. The Act was later amended in 1990, requiring stricter emission reductions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. The European Union began mandating the reduction of diesel sulfur content in 1993, implementing modern ULSD specifications in 1999. The United States started phasing in ULSD requirements for highway vehicles in 2006, with implementation for off-highway applications, such as locomotive and marine fuel, beginning in 2007.
The benefits of ULSD include a reduction in harmful emissions from diesel combustion. Testing has found that the use of emissions control devices in conjunction with ULSD can reduce the exhaust output of ozone precursors and particulate matter to near-zero levels. However, the processing of ULSD has also led to some undesirable side effects. One notable issue is accelerated tank corrosion due to ULSD's high affinity for water. Additionally, the practice of fuel switching and the presence of biofuel in the diesel can contribute to corrosion. While there are products and technologies to mitigate these issues, some argue that ULSD causes more problems than it solves.
ULSD is widely available in Europe and North America, with almost all petroleum-based diesel fuel adopting the ULSD type since 2006. In Mexico, ULSD can be found at Mobil gas stations, particularly in urban areas. In the European Union, the "Euro IV" standard specifies a maximum of 50 ppm of sulfur in diesel fuel for most highway vehicles, with ultra-low-sulfur diesel limited to 10 ppm. In 2009, the Euro V fuel standard further reduced the maximum sulfur content to 10 ppm. Similarly, in India, the Bharat Stage VI standard specifies ultra-low sulfur levels below 50 ppm.
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Kerosene and jet fuel
A barrel of crude oil typically contains 42 gallons of salable refined crude oil products. These include ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD), kerosene/jet fuel, hydrocarbon gas liquids, residual fuel, and others. Kerosene is a light petroleum distillate commonly used as a fuel in heaters, lamps, cooking stoves, and water heaters. It accounts for roughly 4 gallons or 9% of the refined products derived from crude oil.
Kerosene-type jet fuel is created using similar refining techniques as kerosene, but with distinct specifications for aircraft configuration. Jet fuel is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, and its composition varies based on the petroleum source. It is defined by performance specifications rather than a specific chemical compound. The most commonly used jet fuels are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced according to international standards. Jet A is primarily used in the United States and is designed to be heavier with a higher flash point and freezing point (-40° C) than standard kerosene. Jet A-1 is the most widely used jet fuel globally due to its lower freezing point of -47° C, making it suitable for international travel through varying climates.
Jet B is another type of jet fuel that is a naphtha-kerosene blend with enhanced cold-weather performance and a very low freezing point of -60° C to -76° C. This makes it ideal for extremely cold regions like northern Canada and Alaska. However, its lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle, so it is less commonly used. Jet B is similar to JP-4, a military jet fuel. Jet A-1 is also similar to a military jet fuel, JP-8.
The aviation industry's demand for jet kerosene has increased, exceeding 5% of all refined products derived from crude oil. This has led refiners to optimize the yield of jet kerosene by varying process techniques. With a growing emphasis on sustainability, there is pressure to transition to sustainable aviation fuel, also known as aviation biofuel.
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Frequently asked questions
A barrel, or more specifically a 42-gallon crude oil barrel, contains approximately 45 gallons of salable refined crude oil products.
Petroleum refineries in the United States produce about 11 to 12 gallons of ultra-low sulfur distillate fuel oil (most of which is sold as diesel fuel) from one 42-gallon barrel of crude oil.
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) accounts for roughly 25% of a barrel of refined fuel products.
Other products include gasoline, kerosene/jet fuel, hydrocarbon gas liquids, and residual fuel.
About 19 to 20 gallons of gasoline can be produced from a 42-gallon barrel of crude oil.
