Ameer Randolph
Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) can run on natural gas, gasoline, or diesel. While diesel engines cannot run on gasoline, gas engines can run on diesel with some adjustments to the compression ratio. Natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel and is safer than plastic or metal gasoline tanks. Converting a vehicle to run on natural gas may involve switching the engine or adding compressed natural gas (CNG) blending capability. The cost and time of conversion depend on the vehicle, and certified technicians are available to install conversion kits.
Characteristics and Values Table
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Possibility of Conversion | Yes, a vehicle with a diesel engine can be repowered by switching the diesel engine for a dedicated natural gas engine. |
| Alternative Option | Adding compressed natural gas (CNG) blending capability. This technology, available for some diesel engines, allows the engine to operate on a controlled mixture of diesel fuel and CNG. |
| Safety | Natural gas tanks must meet strict government safety standards and are extremely strong and safer than plastic or metal gasoline tanks. |
| Time | Depending on the vehicle, most installations are done in just eight to 12 hours. |
| Durability | Your kit and tank will most likely outlast your vehicle. |
| Cost | There are many factors involved in estimating the cost to convert. |
| Rebates | You may qualify for federal and state rebates and credits. |
| Flexibility | You can switch between natural gas and diesel fuel at any time, at the push of a button. |
| Engine | Natural gas is better for your engine as it is a cleaner-burning fuel. |
| Fuel Usage | The amount of fuel used depends on the vehicle and engine sizes, the MPG rating, highway or city miles, and driving habits. |
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What You'll Learn
Switch the diesel engine for a natural gas engine
Switching a diesel engine for a natural gas engine
It is possible to convert a diesel engine to run on natural gas. However, it is important to note that there are some key differences between diesel and natural gas engines, and the conversion process can be complex and may require significant modifications to the engine and fuel system.
Firstly, natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel compared to diesel, and it will not harm your engine. In fact, millions of cars globally have been safely fuelled by natural gas, including many federal, state, and local government vehicles. This means that switching to natural gas can have environmental and performance benefits.
There are two main options for converting a diesel engine to run on natural gas. The first option is to switch the diesel engine for a dedicated natural gas engine. This involves removing the diesel engine and replacing it with a natural gas-powered engine. This option typically requires the assistance of a certified technician or mechanic, as it involves significant modifications to the vehicle.
The second option is to add compressed natural gas (CNG) blending capability to the existing diesel engine. This technology allows the engine to operate on a controlled mixture of diesel fuel and CNG. This option may be more feasible for some vehicles, as it does not require a complete engine replacement. However, it is important to ensure that the conversion kit and installation are certified and approved to ensure safety and compliance with government regulations.
It is worth noting that the cost and time estimates for converting a diesel engine to natural gas can vary depending on the vehicle and other factors. Additionally, natural gas tanks must meet strict government safety standards, and it is recommended to have them installed by a certified installer. Converting to natural gas may also qualify you for federal and state rebates and credits, which can help offset the cost of the conversion.
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Add compressed natural gas (CNG) blending capability
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas primarily composed of methane (CH4) and compressed to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric pressure. It is a clean-burning fuel with a higher hydrogen content and a simple chemical formula compared to gasoline, making it less polluting. CNG is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20-25 megapascals, usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
Vehicles that run on diesel fuel can be converted to utilize CNG through the addition of blending capability. This technology allows the engine to operate on a controlled mixture of diesel fuel and CNG. The conversion process involves installing a CNG cylinder, plumbing, a CNG injection system, and electronics. The cost of installing a CNG conversion kit can be substantial, often reaching $8,000 for passenger cars and light trucks, but it is usually reserved for vehicles with high annual mileage.
CNG offers several advantages over diesel fuel. Firstly, it is cheaper than diesel, resulting in cost savings for high-mileage vehicles. Secondly, CNG produces fewer undesirable gases during combustion and reduces emissions by up to 90% compared to petrol. This makes it a more environmentally friendly option. Additionally, CNG poses less of a threat in the event of a spill as it is lighter than air and disperses quickly when released.
CNG locomotives, for example, the Napa Valley Wine Train in the US, have successfully retrofitted diesel locomotives to run on CNG. These locomotives utilize computer-controlled fuel injection systems and have higher fuel efficiency than conventional diesel engines.
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Use a conversion kit
Using a Conversion Kit
Using a conversion kit is a viable option for those looking to convert a diesel engine to run on natural gas. This process involves adding a second fuel source, such as natural gas, to your diesel engine. There are several benefits to doing so, including reduced fuel costs, extended runtime, and lower emissions.
Diesel-Natural Gas Conversion Kit Components
A diesel-natural gas conversion kit consists of several key components:
- A gas train that intakes a low-pressure supply of natural gas and feeds it to the air-gas mixer.
- An air-gas mixer that combines the natural gas with air.
- A zero-pressure regulator that maintains atmospheric pressure and prevents over-fuelling by detecting changes in engine vacuum.
- A fuel control valve that controls the flow of fuel.
- A controller that manages the intake of gaseous fuel and monitors engine temperature, RPM, and vibration to ensure the engine's performance is not negatively impacted.
Optiblend® Dual Fuel Conversion Kit
One example of a diesel-natural gas conversion kit is the Optiblend® Dual Fuel Conversion Kit. This kit has been installed on various single- and variable-speed diesel engines used in the oil and gas industry, as well as by first responders and other essential services. The Optiblend® kit can displace up to 70% of diesel fuel with natural gas while producing the same output, leading to significant fuel cost savings and reduced emissions.
Natruell CNG Conversion Kit
Another option is the Natruell CNG Conversion Kit, which has been designed for common-rail diesel engines. This kit uses injectors and a regulator from Keihin to inject compressed natural gas (CNG) into the engine, while an electronic module developed by Bully Dog controls the injection of both CNG and diesel. Natruell claims that using 80% CNG and 20% diesel provides the best mileage and performance. Additionally, CNG is safer than other fuels as it rises quickly into the atmosphere if released, reducing the risk of fire.
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Find a certified installer
When considering converting a diesel engine to run on natural gas, it is important to find a certified installer to ensure the process is safe and effective. While Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is generally considered safer than gasoline, the high pressure at which it is compressed means that a CNG tank must be very strong.
There are several companies that offer certified installation services for natural gas conversion kits. Black Hills Energy, for example, works with factory-trained, certified installers and can help you identify qualified installers in your area. They also promote the use of certified, approved conversion kits and installation. W.W. Williams is another company that provides installation services for CNG conversion kits, with trained technicians who can ensure a proper installation.
When researching providers, it is important to prioritize those with trained and certified technicians. This will ensure that your conversion kit is installed correctly and safely. It is also worth considering the specific needs of your vehicle make and model, as different vehicles may have unique requirements for conversion.
Additionally, it is worth noting that some companies may offer EPA-certified conversions, which can be important for meeting emission standards and qualifying for federal and state rebates and credits. Overall, by partnering with a certified installer, you can ensure a safe and effective conversion process for your diesel engine.
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Check if you qualify for federal and state rebates
There are various federal and state rebates and incentives available for those looking to convert to natural gas. These incentives are designed to encourage customers to upgrade inefficient or old equipment, reduce pollution, and improve energy efficiency. Here are some programs and rebates to consider:
Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit:
This is a tax credit available for qualified alternative fuelling property installed between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2032. The credit applies to a single item of 30C property, which includes charging ports, fuel dispensers, and energy storage properties for electricity, natural gas, propane, and biodiesel blends of at least 20%. Businesses are eligible for a tax credit of 6% or 30% of depreciable costs, up to $100,000 per item, depending on labour cost requirements.
Alternative Fuels Excise Tax Credit:
A tax credit of $0.50 per gallon is available for alternative fuels like natural gas, propane, and liquefied gas derived from biomass. This credit is applicable for fuel sold after December 31, 2015, and is based on the gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) or diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). To be eligible, entities must be liable for reporting and paying the federal excise tax on the sale or use of the fuel in a motor vehicle.
Energy Efficiency Rebate Programs:
Some states and utility companies offer energy efficiency rebate programs to encourage customers to upgrade to more efficient natural gas equipment. For example, National Fuel's Energy Efficiency Rebate Program in western New York offers rebates to customers who upgrade to more efficient natural gas furnaces, boilers, or water heaters. The amount of the rebate varies based on the equipment's efficiency rating. Similar programs may be available in other states or regions.
Clean Cities and Communities Cohorts:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's DERA Program includes Clean Cities and Communities cohorts, which aim to reduce pollution from diesel engines. Eligible communities include local and tribal governments, planning authorities, utilities, and community-based organizations. These programs promote the use of electric vehicles, alternative fuels, and associated infrastructure.
State and Local Rebates:
In addition to federal incentives, there may be utility, state, and local rebates available in your area. These rebates often apply to energy-efficient furnaces, boilers, and water heaters that meet certain efficiency standards. For example, Energy Star-rated residential gas furnaces and boilers may be exempt from state sales tax and qualify for federal income tax credits.
To check your eligibility and find specific programs or rebates that apply to your situation, it is recommended to review official government websites, contact your local utility providers, and consult with equipment manufacturers, as they sometimes offer their own rebates.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, it is possible to convert a diesel engine to run on natural gas. One option is to switch the diesel engine for a dedicated natural gas engine. Alternatively, you can add compressed natural gas (CNG) blending capability, which allows the engine to operate on a mixture of diesel fuel and CNG.
The conversion process involves installing a conversion kit and a natural gas tank. Certified technicians are available to professionally install these components. The installation process typically takes eight to 12 hours, depending on the vehicle.
Yes, natural gas is a cleaner-burning fuel, which can be better for your engine. Additionally, natural gas tanks are safer than plastic or metal gasoline tanks and can be installed in multiple tanks to increase driving range. Converting to natural gas may also qualify you for federal and state rebates and credits.
