The Evolution Of Rolls-Royce: Fuel Injection Innovation

Rolls-Royce changed from carburetors to Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection in 1980. This was also the year that Rolls-Royce took a major step forward when they changed from using brake fluid to mineral oil to power the braking and suspension systems.

Rolls-Royce's first electric car was the 102EX, a one-off electric-powered Phantom

Rolls-Royce's first electric car was the 102EX, also known as the Phantom Experimental Electric (EE). It was unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show as a one-off electric prototype version of the Rolls-Royce Phantom VII. The 102EX was created to gauge customer and stakeholder reactions to an electric Rolls-Royce.

The 102EX is powered by two UQM-supplied synchronous permanent-magnet electric motors, each rated at 145 kW, for a maximum system output of 290 kW (389 hp). The motors are fed by a 71 kWh battery pack composed of 96 NCM cells, which are placed in the space typically occupied by a standard Phantom's engine and gearbox. The battery pack can be charged in approximately 8 hours using three separate 3 kW charger units or wirelessly through an induction charger.

Visually, the 102EX differs from series-production Phantoms. It features a unique "Atlantic Chrome" silver paint with ceramic nano-particles for increased reflectivity, red "double-R" badges denoting its experimental nature, and a Makrolon polycarbonate Spirit of Ecstasy illuminated by a blue LED light. The interior and luggage compartment are trimmed in "Corinova" leather, a type of vegetable-tanned leather that is more natural in appearance and process.

The 102EX received positive reviews from automotive journalists, who praised the exceptional refinement and improved ride quality. However, Rolls-Royce revealed in 2012 that customer reaction was lukewarm. While the refinement of the electric powertrain was appreciated, concerns were raised about the car's limited range and lengthy charging times.

The 102EX marked Rolls-Royce's first foray into electric vehicles, and it served as a platform to gather feedback and explore alternatives to traditional internal combustion engines. Despite the challenges, the 102EX played a role in paving the way for subsequent electric models in the Rolls-Royce lineup.

Rolls-Royce uses the EX name for its experimental cars

Rolls-Royce has used the EX name for its experimental cars for over 100 years. The EX models are finished, drivable vehicles that use both production materials, such as leather and wood, as well as newly developed materials like carbon fibre. The EX moniker is an essential part of the Rolls-Royce DNA, with each car expressing a deep-rooted fascination with the future.

The modern era of EX models began with the 100EX, which celebrated the company's centenary in 2004. This model explored what a Phantom Drophead Coupé might look and feel like, and it eventually evolved into the Phantom Drophead Coupé in 2007. The 101EX, the forerunner of the Phantom Coupé, featured the Starlight Headliner and an illuminated Spirit of Ecstasy, now optional extras across the marque. The 102EX, released in 2011, was a one-off electric-powered Phantom that replaced the 6.75-litre V12 engine with a lithium-ion battery pack and twin electric motors.

The 2009 200EX, with its unique monocoque structure and 6.6-litre twin-turbo V12 engine, became the Ghost, taking new technology to the production line. The latest EX model, the 103EX, is an autonomous vehicle that continues Rolls-Royce's tradition of exploration and experimentation.

The EX models are not just concepts but are keyholes into the future, with innovations filtering into production models. Each EX model carries a special red RR badge, representing the cutting edge of automotive innovation.

Rolls-Royce switched from carburetors to Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection in 1980

The Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system was more reliable than the carburetors used on older models. It could be serviced by any authorized Bosch service agent. The new system also improved the performance of the electronic suspension and the ABS brake system.

The Bosch K-Jetronic fuel injection system was used on the 1981-1987 sedans, including the Rolls-Royce Silver Spur, Silver Spirit, and Bentley Mulsanne. These were the first versions of the Spur and Spirit series. Mechanically, the two models were the same, but the Spur had a longer wheelbase and additional features such as rear footrests and picnic tables.

In 1988, Rolls-Royce introduced a major design update to these cars, and the serial numbers jumped from 15000 to 20000. These updated cars were referred to as the 20000 series. Improvements included a redesigned dash with more modern instruments, alloy wheels (first as an option and later as standard), and a more robust cooling system.

Rolls-Royce tested stratified charge direct injection on the Crecy

The stratified charge direct injection system used on the Crecy engine involved injecting fuel into a bulb-like extension of the combustion chamber, creating a rich mixture near the spark plugs. This technique helped reduce detonation, allowing for higher compression ratios or supercharger boost. The supercharger throttles were of a novel vortex type, which could vary the angle of attack of the impeller blades, reducing the power required to drive the supercharger when throttled and, consequently, fuel consumption at cruising power.

The Crecy engine was initially conceived as a compression ignition engine but was later changed to a spark-ignition layout per the Air Ministry's decision. The first complete V12 Crecy engine was built in 1941 and produced 1,400 horsepower in bench testing. However, issues with vibration and piston and sleeve cooling were encountered. The exceptionally loud two-stroke exhaust produced thrust equivalent to a 30% increase in power at the propeller, in addition to the engine's rated output.

The Crecy engine never reached flight trials, and the project was cancelled in December 1945 due to the rapid progress of jet engine development. Only six complete Crecy engines were built, along with eight V-twins. The engine's unique characteristics sparked interest in potential land, sea, and air applications for postwar transport projects, but none progressed beyond the drawing board.

Rolls-Royce's experimental cars are finished, drivable vehicles

Rolls-Royce has been using the EX name for its experimental cars for over a century. The EX models are finished, drivable vehicles that use newly developed materials like carbon fibre, as well as traditional production materials such as leather and wood. The EX name is an essential part of the Rolls-Royce DNA, with each car expressing a deep-rooted fascination with the future.

The EX models of the modern era began with the 100EX, which was created to celebrate Rolls-Royce’s centenary in 2004. This model evolved into the Phantom Drophead Coupé in 2007. The 101EX was the forerunner of the Phantom Coupé and featured the Starlight Headliner and an illuminated Spirit of Ecstasy, now optional extras across the marque. The 102EX, released in 2011, was a one-off electric-powered Phantom that saw the 6.75-litre V12 engine replaced by a huge lithium-ion battery pack and twin electric motors.

The latest addition to the EX family is the 103EX, which follows in the tradition of exploration and experimentation. It is the brand's first-ever autonomous motor car, offering a glimpse into the future of luxury travel.

All modern Rolls-Royce EX models carry a special red RR badge, representing the cutting edge of automotive innovation. These experimental cars are an integral part of the brand's legacy of innovation, with innovations from EX cars filtering into production models. As such, all new lines include the cumulative knowledge gained from these experimental vehicles.

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