Regan Brown
The Nissan 350Z is a car model that has been in production since 2003. Over the years, there have been many discussions about the size of its fuel injectors and the fuel pressure needed to support higher power levels. The stock fuel injectors for the Nissan 350Z are rated at around 290cc when using the standard injector rating pressure of 3bar (43.5 psi). However, the 350Z has a returnless fuel system that operates at a higher fuel pressure, resulting in a higher flow rate. Some common replacement injector sizes for the Nissan 350Z include 380cc and 510cc, and there are also larger options available for those seeking higher performance. It is important to note that upsizing injectors without proper tuning can lead to reduced power and efficiency.
Fuel Injector Characteristics and Values for Nissan 350Z
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Stock injector size | 285.92cc to 330cc |
| Replacement injector size for Stage 1 TN | 380cc |
| Replacement injector size for Stage 2 TN | 510cc |
| Injector size to support higher power levels | 328cc at 43.5 psi fuel pressure; 376cc at 58 psi; 412cc at 72.5 psi |
| Fuel Injector Clinic Injector Set | 6x2150cc; 6x1650cc; 6x1440cc; 6x1200cc; 6x1000cc; 6x775cc; 6x650cc; 6x525cc; 6x445cc; 6x365cc |
| Injector size for 550hp on E85 | 700cc |
| Injector size for 550hp on 91/93 octane | 550cc |
| Injector size for 300whp | 300cc |
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What You'll Learn
Injector size depends on fuel density/temperature
The size of a fuel injector is critical for performance and tuning control. The injector size depends on the fuel's density and temperature, among other factors.
Fuel density and temperature are important parameters that influence the injector subsystem flow and the fuel's bulk modulus of elasticity. The density of the fuel varies with temperature, and this variation impacts the friction experienced by the fuel as it flows through the injector. Therefore, the injector is typically designed for a fuel with a specific density, which is specified in pounds per hour.
The exact flow rate of the fuel through the injector is determined by the density and temperature of the fuel. The temperature of the inlet fuel has a significant effect on the injection parameters, including the injection timings, rate, duration, and spray atomization. As the temperature increases, the fuel viscosity decreases, which can impact the flow rate. Additionally, the fuel density, which is influenced by temperature, affects the fuel's compressibility, heating value, and distillation temperature range.
For example, let's consider the Nissan 350Z fuel injectors. The stock fuel injectors for this vehicle have different sizes depending on the stage. For Stage 1 TN, the replacement injectors are 380s, while for Stage 2, they are 510s. The software on the ECU suggests that the actual size is 285.92cc, and at the industry-standard pressure of 43.5 psi, they are rated at 290cc. However, the Nissan 350Z utilizes a returnless fuel system, which means the fuel pressure is slightly higher, resulting in a higher flow rate than the rated value.
To determine the appropriate fuel injector size for a specific application, such as the Nissan 350Z, it is essential to consider the fuel's density and temperature, along with other factors like horsepower and induction type. Online tools and calculators are available to assist in selecting the correct fuel injector size, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency.
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Injector size depends on fuel type
Fuel injectors are rated to deliver a specific amount of fuel at a rated pressure. This amount can be measured in pounds per hour or cubic centimeters per minute. The size of the injector required depends on the power level of the engine. For example, a high impedance Holley injector rated at 42 pounds of fuel per hour can be used to make 500 normally aspirated horsepower.
The type of fuel used also plays a role in determining the required injector size. The density and temperature of the fuel affect the flow rate through the injector. For instance, ethanol has a density of 785 kg/m^3 at 20 degrees Celsius, while gasoline has a density of around 737 kg/m^3 at 15 degrees Celsius.
Additionally, the design of the injector itself influences the injector size. High impedance injectors, commonly used in street applications, have a resistance value of around 12 ohms, resulting in a continuous current draw of about 1 amp. This design reduces heat buildup, allowing extended operation with high reliability. On the other hand, low impedance injectors require a peak-and-hold injector driver, which is more costly and typically found in aftermarket ECUs.
The duty cycle of the injector is another critical factor in determining the required size. Injectors may not operate as expected at the extreme ends of the output cycle, and their performance becomes nonlinear. This can lead to less fuel being delivered, which can be detrimental to the engine. Therefore, a conservative duty cycle is often used when determining the injector size to ensure the injectors are adequately sized.
Furthermore, the fuel pressure also impacts the injector size. For example, the stock VQ fuel injector in a Nissan 350Z flows 328 cc at 100% duty cycle and 43.5 psi fuel pressure. However, as fuel pressure increases, so does the fuel flow rate, and at 58 psi and 72.5 psi fuel pressures, the same injector flows 376 cc and 412 cc, respectively.
To ensure optimal performance and tuning control, it is crucial to select the proper fuel injector size. Online tools, such as the FuelTech Fuel Injector Calculator, can assist in determining the correct injector size by considering various factors, including power levels, fuel type, and engine specifications.
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Injector size depends on fuel pressure
Fuel injectors are rated to deliver a specific amount of fuel at a rated pressure. This is typically measured in pounds per hour (lbs/hr) or cubic centimeters per minute (cc/min). For example, a Holley injector is rated at 42 lbs/hr.
Fuel pressure has a direct impact on fuel flow. Lower pressure will reduce the flow rate, while higher pressure will increase the flow rate. For instance, a 15 psi increase in flow pushes a 42 lb/hr injector at 43 psi to over 48 lb/hr.
When sizing your injector for gasoline, a simple rule of thumb to follow is 1 cc/min flow for each horsepower. So, if you want to make 1000 horsepower on 93 octane gasoline, using a fuel pressure of 43 psi, you need a 1000 cc injector.
The type of fuel also determines the injector size. Ethanol-based fuels like E85 require 30% more fuel to make the same power as gasoline. The density and temperature of the fuel also determine the exact flow rate. For example, ethanol is 785 @ 20°C, while gasoline is 0.73 grams per cc at 15°C.
Additionally, the impedance of the injector is an important factor. Low impedance injectors require a peak-and-hold injector driver, which is more expensive and typically used in aftermarket ECUs. High impedance injectors are more common as they have a lower electrical requirement to open, resulting in a cooler and more reliable electrical system.
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Injector size depends on engine type
Fuel injectors are electromagnetic solenoids that are controlled by a vehicle’s ECU. The ECU takes sensor readings and calculates how much fuel is needed for the desired air/fuel ratio. The amount of fuel released by an injector depends on the pulse width, or the amount of time the injector is open. Injector size depends on the engine type, and bigger is not always better when it comes to fueling your engine.
For example, let's consider the Nissan 350Z. The stock fuel injector for this car has a flow rate of 328 cc at 100% duty cycle and 43.5 psi fuel pressure. However, as fuel pressure increases, so does the fuel flow. At 58 psi, the flow rate increases to 376 cc, and at 72.5 psi, it reaches 412 cc. Therefore, the injector size required will depend on the fuel pressure and the desired power output.
Additionally, the type of fuel used also affects the injector size. Different fuels have varying densities and temperatures, which impact the flow rate. For instance, ethanol has a higher density than gasoline, affecting the amount of fuel that can flow through the injector.
When selecting an injector, it is essential to consider the engine's specific requirements. High impedance injectors, commonly used in street applications, have a resistance value of around 12 ohms, reducing heat buildup and allowing for extended operation. On the other hand, low impedance injectors may be preferred in certain cases, such as when using alternative fuels like E85.
Furthermore, the height of the injector and its electrical connector are also factors to consider when determining the proper size. The electrical connector, consisting of a 12-volt power terminal and an ECM-controlled ground terminal, plays a crucial role in activating the injector and releasing fuel.
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OEM injectors are fine for most NA DEs
When it comes to fuel injectors for your Nissan 350Z, it's important to make an informed decision. While some may consider aftermarket options, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) injectors are often just fine for most naturally aspirated (NA) engines with the VQ DE variant.
The experienced tuner Church, who has tuned thousands of cars and hundreds of 350Zs, asserts that for 95% of NA DEs, the OEM injectors work just fine. This is because injectors don't act alone; they require the air to match. Without a tune to correct the air-fuel ratio (AFR), upsized injectors can cause issues like reduced power and efficiency, and even potential damage to cylinder walls from washed-off oil.
The 350Z's ECU assumes it is working with OEM-sized injectors, so using larger injectors without the proper tuning can lead to these problems. It's important to ensure that any modifications are accompanied by the necessary tuning adjustments to avoid unexpected issues.
The stock fuel injectors for the 350Z are rated at 290cc when using the standard injector rating pressure of 3bar (43.5 psi). However, the 350Z's returnless fuel system operates at a higher pressure of 3.5bar (51-53 psi), resulting in an actual flow rate of 330cc. This is an important consideration when planning any upgrades, as the fuel system and its components work together as a complete system.
While the stock injectors may suffice for most NA DEs, it's worth noting that if you're aiming for higher power levels, particularly with forced induction systems, larger injectors may be necessary. The stock injectors have limitations, and a calculator can help determine the correct injector size for your desired power output.
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Frequently asked questions
The fuel injector size for your Nissan 350Z depends on the engine specifications and desired power level. Fuel Injector Clinic offers various injector sizes ranging from 365cc to 2150cc for the Nissan 350Z/370Z with the VQ35/37 engine.
The size of the fuel injector depends on factors such as the engine specifications, fuel type, and desired power output. The fuel type and its density, temperature, and pressure also influence the injector size.
Yes, Fuel Injector Clinic offers a range of injector sizes and types, including top-feed and saturated/high impedance ball & seat injectors, for the Nissan 350Z/370Z with the VQ35/37 engine.
The stock fuel injector size for the Nissan 350Z is around 285.92cc to 290cc, according to some sources. However, replacement injectors for Stage 1 TN are 380cc, and for Stage 2, they are 510cc.
Yes, upgrading to larger fuel injectors can support higher power levels, especially with forced induction systems. A calculator or worksheet can help determine the correct injector size based on the desired power output.
