Sylvie Willis
The United States is both an importer and exporter of petroleum products, including diesel fuel. In 2023, the US exported about 10.15 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum to 173 countries and 3 US territories. While diesel-powered cars have fallen out of popularity in the US, diesel-powered heavy-duty trucks are still common, with about 76% of heavy-duty trucks on US roads today using diesel power. In recent years, there have been some unusual diesel tanker movements, including rare diesel exports from Europe to the US. For example, the UK sourced over a quarter of its diesel and gas oil from the US in 2020.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| US petroleum exports in 2023 | 10.15 million barrels per day |
| US petroleum imports in 2023 | 8.51 million barrels per day |
| US net petroleum exports in 2023 | 1.64 million barrels per day |
| UK diesel and gasoil imports from the US | 14.37 million tonnes |
| Share of UK diesel and gasoil imports from the US | 25% |
| UK fuel oil imports from the US | 1.92 million tonnes |
| Share of UK fuel oil imports from the US | 6% |
| US jet fuel imports from Europe | Rare |
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What You'll Learn
US diesel exports to the UK
In 2023, the United States exported about 10.15 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum to 173 countries. Petroleum includes refined petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel fuel. While I cannot find explicit information on US diesel exports to the UK, the UK imported oil from more than 20 countries in 2023, with the US and Norway among the main sources. In 2021, Norway was the UK's largest gas supplier, accounting for 77% of all gas imports. The UK also imported gas from the US, Qatar, and Russia.
In 2023, the UK's crude oil production decreased to 715,000 barrels per day, the lowest since the country discovered offshore reservoirs. The UK has begun decommissioning many of its North Sea oil platforms and its oil production is projected to fall to 26 million metric tons of oil equivalent by 2030. This decline in domestic production may increase the UK's reliance on oil imports from countries like the US.
The UK has a limited capacity to store gas compared to other European countries due to the closure of the Rough gas storage facility in 2017. Instead, the UK re-exports imported LNG through pipelines to Belgium, Ireland, and the Netherlands. The UK has a regasification capacity to turn LNG back into gas at three import terminals. The UK's gas imports are primarily natural gas, with Norway being the main supplier via pipeline, followed by Belgium and the Netherlands.
In recent years, the UK has experienced an increase in exports of fuels to the EU, driven by rising exports of refined and crude oil, and gas. In 2021, the UK imported £19.6 billion of gas, a significant increase from 2020. The UK's gas demand increased due to factors such as low domestic renewable energy production and higher gas demand in Asia. The UK's exports of gas also rose in 2021, with nearly half going to Ireland and the Netherlands as a significant export partner.
While the specific data on US diesel exports to the UK is not readily available, the US is among the main sources of oil imports for the UK. The UK's overall trade relationship with the US in 2023 is also notable, with the US being the UK's largest export and import partner for services and the second-largest import partner for goods. Tariffs and taxes on imports and exports between the two countries can impact the cost of traded goods and services.
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US diesel imports from Europe
In 2023, the United States imported about 8.51 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum from 86 countries. Petroleum includes crude oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), refined petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel fuel, and biofuels. Crude oil imports of about 6.48 million b/d accounted for roughly 76% of total US gross petroleum imports. The US was a net exporter of petroleum in 2020, 2021, and 2022. However, it remained a net crude oil importer in 2022, importing about 6.28 million b/d of crude oil and exporting about 3.58 million b/d.
Canada is the largest single source of US total petroleum and crude oil imports. In 2022, Canada accounted for 52% of US gross total petroleum imports and 60% of gross crude oil imports. Saudi Arabia is the greatest source of US petroleum imports from Persian Gulf countries, contributing 7% of total petroleum imports and crude oil imports.
While specific data on US diesel imports from Europe was not readily available, there is evidence that the US exports diesel to Europe. In February 2024, it was reported that US diesel exports to Europe had declined due to plummeting refining output. European imports of US diesel fell to 6.65 million barrels, down from 11.44 million barrels in January, according to ship tracking firm Kpler. This decline was attributed to issues at several US refineries, including the BP Whiting refinery in Indiana, which is a major US diesel producer.
Despite the recent dip in exports, the US continues to supply diesel to Europe. According to shipping data, vessels carrying over 850,000 barrels of diesel from the US Atlantic Coast were scheduled to discharge at various European ports in the following months. Kpler data also indicated that cargoes totaling over a million barrels were fixed from the US Gulf Coast for April deliveries.
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US petroleum exports
In 2023, the United States exported about 10.15 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum to 173 countries and three US territories: American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. This made the US a net exporter of petroleum by 1.64 million b/d in 2023.
Petroleum includes crude oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), refined petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel fuel, and biofuels. Crude oil exports of about 4.06 million b/d accounted for 40% of total US gross petroleum exports in 2023. The US also remained a net crude oil importer in 2022, importing about 6.28 million b/d of crude oil and exporting about 3.58 million b/d.
The US first became a net exporter of petroleum in 2020, ending almost seven decades of dependence on foreign oil. In 2022, total petroleum exports were about 9.52 million b/d, while total petroleum imports were about 8.33 million b/d, making the US an annual net total petroleum exporter for the third year in a row.
Despite the US being a net exporter of petroleum, it still imported some crude oil and petroleum products from other countries to meet domestic demand and supply international markets. The top five source countries for US gross petroleum imports in 2023 were Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Brazil.
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US petroleum imports
In 2023, the United States imported about 8.51 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum from 86 countries. This figure includes crude oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs), refined petroleum products (such as gasoline and diesel fuel), and biofuels. Crude oil imports made up about 76% of these imports, at 6.48 million b/d.
The US was a net exporter of petroleum in 2023, exporting about 10.15 million b/d to 173 countries and three US territories. Crude oil exports accounted for 40% of these exports, at 4.06 million b/d. The top five source countries for US petroleum imports in 2023 were Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Brazil. Notably, Canada and Mexico alone made up about two-thirds of total US petroleum imports through October of that year.
In March 2025, Canada was once again the top exporter of crude oil to the US, exporting 3.8 million b/d. The remaining top sources were Mexico (397,000 b/d), Venezuela (253,000 b/d), Saudi Arabia (196,000 b/d), and Brazil (172,000 b/d). The US's crude oil imports averaged 5.8 million b/d that month, a decrease from the previous month.
US crude oil exports reached a record high in 2023, averaging 4.1 million b/d. This figure was 13% higher than the previous annual record set in 2022. The increase in exports can be attributed to the growth in crude oil production in the US, which reached 12.9 million b/d in 2023, a 9% increase from the previous year.
While the US has historically depended on oil imports from the Middle East, this trend has shifted. In 2023, US oil imports from Saudi Arabia and Iraq barely accounted for 10% of the total, with Canada and Mexico being the primary sources.
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US diesel imports from China and South Korea
In recent years, the US has been a significant exporter of diesel fuel to Northwest Europe. However, there is no clear indication of the US importing diesel fuel from China and South Korea. Instead, China and South Korea have increased their diesel exports to Europe, which may have impacted the US diesel market.
In February 2023, diesel imports into Northwest Europe from China reached 119,000 barrels per day (b/d), while imports from South Korea were at 45,000 b/d. These figures represent a notable increase in diesel exports from these countries to Europe. While the US has not been a consistent diesel exporter to Europe in recent months, its imports to Northwest Europe averaged 43,000 b/d from October 2021 to September 2022, increasing to 107,000 b/d from October 2022 to February 2023.
Trade tensions and tariffs have impacted the relationship between the US, China, and South Korea. China avoided purchasing US crude oil for three consecutive months in 2025, affecting the US oil industry. Additionally, South Korea's exports to the US and China declined due to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. However, there is no specific mention of diesel fuel in these trade tensions.
South Korea has a significant diesel car market, with urea solutions mandated for diesel cars to control emissions. While this has led to a reliance on China for urea imports, it does not indicate diesel fuel imports from China. South Korea's diesel exports to Europe may be influenced by various factors, including global trade dynamics and market demands.
In summary, while the US has been a prominent diesel exporter to Northwest Europe, there is limited information suggesting diesel imports from China and South Korea. The increase in diesel exports from these countries to Europe may have indirect effects on the US diesel market and global trade patterns.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, the US exports diesel fuel. In 2023, the US exported about 10.15 million barrels per day (b/d) of petroleum, which includes diesel fuel, to 173 countries and 3 US territories.
The US exports diesel fuel to a number of countries, including the UK, China, South Korea, and India.
The US's export of diesel fuel can have economic and environmental implications. For instance, the UK has considered retaliatory tariffs on US diesel exports due to US import tariffs. Additionally, the US's export of diesel fuel contributes to global energy markets and can impact the environment due to the emissions associated with diesel fuel usage.
