
Off-road diesel, also known as red diesel, is a type of diesel fuel that is used for machinery and vehicles that are not driven on public roads. It is chemically identical to on-road diesel but is dyed red to distinguish it from fuel that can be used on public roads. Off-road diesel is not taxed, which makes it a more affordable option for industries such as construction, farming, and transportation. However, using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle is illegal and can result in significant fines. So, while off-road diesel and on-road diesel are essentially the same product, the intended use and associated taxes make them distinct from one another.
Characteristics of Off-Road Diesel
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Colour | Red |
| Sulphur Content | Ultra-low |
| Usage | Off-road vehicles and equipment, construction, heating oil, agriculture, generators |
| Tax | Exempt from federal and state excise taxes |
| Availability | Not available for general sale to the public. Requires a delivery service |
| Fine | Using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle can result in fines of up to $10,000 |
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What You'll Learn
- Off-road diesel is dyed red to distinguish it from on-road diesel
- Off-road diesel is not taxed, making it cheaper than on-road diesel
- Off-road diesel is for machinery that doesn't operate on roads or highways
- On-road diesel is the only type of diesel that vehicles travelling on the road are allowed to use
- Off-road diesel is also called ultra-low sulfur diesel

Off-road diesel is dyed red to distinguish it from on-road diesel
The federal government requires off-road diesel to be dyed red to reduce tax evasion and pollution. The red colour makes it easy for authorities to identify which fuel has been taxed and which has not, and thus helps to reduce air pollution by making it easier to identify diesel that is unsuitable for highway use. The dye does not change the fuel's performance or nature.
While off-road diesel is not available for general sale to the public and must be obtained through a delivery service, on-road diesel is the more widely available version as it can be purchased from nearly any refill station across the US. On-road diesel is also known as "clear diesel" due to its clear or greenish colour, which denotes that it is ultra-low-sulfur diesel and that the on-road fuel taxes have been paid.
It is important to note that using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle is illegal and can result in significant fines. This is because off-road diesel is not subject to the same stringent environmental standards regarding sulfur emissions as on-road diesel. By using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle, you may also experience maintenance issues if your vehicle has a particulate trap.
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Off-road diesel is not taxed, making it cheaper than on-road diesel
Off-road diesel is intended for machinery and vehicles that are not driven on public roads, such as tractors, construction equipment, and generators. Because it is not used on public roadways, it is exempt from state and federal excise taxes, which are applied to the retail sales of diesel fuel for on-road vehicles. This lack of taxation makes off-road diesel cheaper than its on-road counterpart.
The federal government requires off-road diesel to be dyed red, distinguishing it from untaxed on-road diesel, which is typically clear or green. This dye makes it easy for authorities to identify which fuel has been taxed and which has not, aiding in the reduction of tax evasion. The use of off-road diesel in on-road vehicles is illegal and can result in significant fines, with penalties of up to $10,000 per day in some cases.
While off-road diesel used to have a higher sulfur content, changes to fuel specifications from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have resulted in both on-road and off-road diesel being chemically identical, with ultra-low sulfur content. This change has helped reduce emissions and improve air quality.
The main difference between on-road and off-road diesel lies in their intended use, taxation, and colour. Off-road diesel is designed for machinery and vehicles that operate off public roads, and its lack of taxation makes it a more cost-effective option for industries such as construction and agriculture. However, it is important to adhere to the legal restrictions surrounding its use to avoid fines and maintenance issues.
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Off-road diesel is for machinery that doesn't operate on roads or highways
Off-road diesel is intended for machinery and vehicles that do not operate on public roads or highways. This includes tractors, construction equipment, generators, cranes, bulldozers, backhoes, bobcats, and industrial equipment on private property. It is also used for heating oil, agricultural fuel, and marine applications.
Off-road diesel is sometimes referred to as "red diesel" or "dyed diesel" due to the red dye added to distinguish it from on-road diesel, which is typically clear or greenish in colour. The red dye indicates that the fuel has not been taxed and is for off-road use only. This dye also helps authorities identify the use of untaxed fuel in on-road vehicles, which is illegal and can result in significant fines.
The primary difference between on-road and off-road diesel lies in their taxation and intended use. Off-road diesel is exempt from federal and state excise taxes, making it a more affordable option for industries such as construction, agriculture, and transportation. On-road diesel, on the other hand, is subject to taxes and is intended for vehicles operating on public roads and highways.
While off-road diesel is chemically similar to on-road diesel in terms of performance and additives, it is important to note that they are not interchangeable. Using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle can result in legal consequences and maintenance issues. Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to the appropriate fuel type for the specific application.
In summary, off-road diesel is specifically designed for machinery and vehicles that operate off public roads and highways. Its untaxed status and distinct colouring help regulate its use, ensuring compliance with legal and environmental standards.
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On-road diesel is the only type of diesel that vehicles travelling on the road are allowed to use
On-road diesel is for vehicles that operate on public roads and highways, including transport trucks, public transit, and school buses. It is the more widely available version of diesel, as it can be purchased from nearly any refill station across the US. On-road diesel is also known as highway ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD), which means it has a regulated sulfur content. This is important because there has been a consistent push to reduce sulfur in all fuels in the United States, as led by EPA regulation.
Off-road diesel, on the other hand, is for off-road industrial equipment and vehicles on private property or while conducting business. This includes tractors, cranes, bulldozers, backhoes, bobcats, and other construction and agricultural equipment. Off-road diesel is not available for general sale to the public and must be purchased from an expert off-road diesel delivery service. While off-road diesel is cheaper than on-road diesel due to its tax-exempt status, it is important to note that it is illegal to use in on-road vehicles and can result in hefty fines.
The difference in taxation between on-road and off-road diesel exists to reduce tax evasion. The red dye in off-road diesel makes it easy for authorities to identify which fuel has been taxed and which hasn't. This also helps to reduce air pollution, as off-road diesel is not suitable for highway use. While off-road diesel used to have a higher sulfur content, since 2014, regulations for emissions standards, sulfur content, and fuel quality have been levelled across the board for both types of diesel.
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Off-road diesel is also called ultra-low sulfur diesel
The primary difference between on-road and off-road diesel is the applicable taxes and intended use. Off-road diesel is exempt from federal and state excise taxes, making it a more affordable option for industries such as construction, farming, and transportation. However, using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle can result in significant fines, ranging from $10,000 in Oregon to $10,000 per day in some cases.
Historically, off-road diesel had a higher sulfur content, resulting in smokier burns. However, since 2014, regulations for emissions standards, sulfur content, and fuel quality have been standardized across the board for both on-road and off-road diesel. Today, off-road diesel is required to meet ULSD standards, ensuring that it contains no more than 15 ppm of sulfur.
While off-road diesel is chemically identical to on-road diesel in terms of performance and composition, it is important to use the appropriate fuel type for your vehicle's application. On-road diesel is meant for vehicles licensed to operate on roads and highways, and it can be easily purchased from refill stations across the US. In contrast, off-road diesel is not available for general sale to the public and must be obtained through specialized delivery services.
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Frequently asked questions
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel, red diesel, or farm diesel, is diesel fuel with a red dye added to it to denote that it is for off-road use only and that the necessary taxes have not been paid. Off-road diesel is used for machinery and vehicles that are not driven on public roads, such as tractors, construction equipment, and generators.
The main differences between off-road and on-road diesel are in their colour, cost, and intended use. Off-road diesel is dyed red, while on-road diesel is clear or greenish in colour. Off-road diesel is also cheaper because it is exempt from certain taxes, while on-road diesel includes taxes for using it on public roads. On-road diesel is meant for vehicles driven on public roads, such as cars, trucks, and buses.
Using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle is illegal and can result in significant fines, ranging from $10,000 in Oregon to $10,000 per day in some cases. Additionally, using off-road diesel in an on-road vehicle can cause maintenance issues, particularly if the fuel has a high sulfur content and the vehicle has a particulate trap.



















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