Katerina Swanson
With fuel prices fluctuating and concerns about climate change, many people are looking for ways to reduce their fuel consumption. While modern engines are more fuel-efficient than their predecessors, there are still ways to improve fuel economy. A car's weight, aerodynamics, resistance, drag, and engine performance all impact gas mileage. This article will explore ways to make a car engine more fuel-efficient, from choosing the right vehicle to driving techniques and engine maintenance.
How to make a car engine more fuel-efficient
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Engine maintenance | Following the recommended maintenance schedule, including changing spark plugs and air filters, can improve fuel efficiency |
| Tyre pressure | Maintaining the recommended tyre pressure reduces friction and improves fuel economy; under-inflation can cause blowouts and rollovers |
| Tyre type | Choosing tyres with a higher economy rating and lower rolling resistance improves fuel efficiency, but may provide less grip |
| Vehicle weight | Reducing the weight of the vehicle improves fuel efficiency, especially during acceleration |
| Engine performance | Variable compression engines with modern technology improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions |
| Engine oil | Using advanced motor oils that are specifically formulated for modern engines can improve fuel efficiency and engine protection |
| Driving techniques | Avoiding hard acceleration and maintaining a steady speed improves fuel efficiency; driving at relatively low revs (~2000-3000 rpm) is more efficient |
| Aerodynamics | Choosing a car with better aerodynamics reduces drag and improves fuel efficiency |
| Exhaust design | A better exhaust design or a less restrictive intake can improve the engine's volumetric efficiency and fuel economy |
| Air conditioning | Using air conditioning sparingly reduces the electricity produced by the engine, improving fuel efficiency |
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What You'll Learn
Keep your tyres at the proper inflation pressure
Keeping your tyres at the proper inflation pressure is a simple, cost-free approach to improving your car's fuel efficiency. Under-inflated tyres can increase your vehicle's drag, causing the engine to work harder and increasing fuel consumption. A study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in the USA found that for every 1% decrease in tyre pressure, there was a 0.3% reduction in fuel economy. Tyre pressure that is 10% below the recommended level can increase fuel consumption by 2%, while 40% under inflation increases consumption by 8%. Under-inflated tyres can also cause a bumpy ride, compromise handling, and cause uneven tread wear, leading to increased friction and tyre failure.
To maintain optimal fuel efficiency and tyre longevity, it is essential to regularly check and adjust your tyre pressure. The ideal tyre pressure can vary depending on your vehicle's make and model, and it is typically found on a sticker in the driver's side door jamb or glove box, as well as in the owner's manual. It is best to check and adjust tyre pressure when your tyres are cold, as pressure increases as the tyres heat up from driving. Tyre pressure gauges and inflators are available from brands like JACO, providing precise readings and helping you maintain the correct pressure.
Tyre pressure is an important aspect of vehicle safety and performance, impacting handling, braking, and fuel efficiency. By keeping your tyres at the proper inflation pressure, you can improve your gas mileage, reduce fuel costs, and ensure your safety on the road. Regular checks, ideally once a month or before long trips, will help maintain the recommended tyre pressure and optimise your vehicle's performance.
Additionally, tyre pressure can be affected by changes in temperature. For every 5°C drop in temperature, there is a 2% loss in tyre pressure, while a 5°C rise will increase pressure by 2%. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor tyre pressure regularly, especially during seasonal changes, to ensure optimal fuel efficiency and tyre performance. Properly inflated tyres will also last longer, saving you money in the long run.
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Reduce wheel weight
A car's weight, aerodynamics, resistance, drag, and engine performance all impact its gas mileage. While weight only negligibly affects fuel consumption at constant speeds, it makes a significant difference when accelerating, especially in city driving. For every 100 lbs, the US Department of Energy estimates a 2% fuel efficiency loss/gain.
Reducing wheel weight is one of the most effective ways to improve fuel economy. The wheels have a double load—they have to be turned and moved. Lightweight rims and Low Rolling Resistance (LRR) tires will help with efficiency and responsiveness, although LRR tires are not as good at handling.
There are other ways to reduce wheel weight, too. You could opt for two-piece brake rotors, for example. You should also ensure your tires are at the correct inflation pressure. This will not only improve fuel efficiency but also enhance handling and overall safety. Most tire stores will check your pressure and give your tires a quick visual inspection for free.
It's worth noting that reducing the weight of your wheels may be more effective for city driving than highway driving.
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Use a fuel-efficient engine oil
Engine oil plays a crucial role in determining a car's fuel efficiency. The harder a car engine works, the more fuel it has to burn to compensate for the energy lost through heat and friction. Therefore, using the right engine oil can help reduce friction and improve fuel economy.
Firstly, it is important to consider the viscosity of the engine oil. Viscosity refers to the thickness of the oil, and the lower the viscosity, the less energy is required to pump the oil around the engine. Lower viscosity oils can help support efficiency and improve fuel economy by decreasing engine friction. For example, Mobil 1™ offers a range of low viscosity oils, such as Mobil 1™ 0W-20 Advanced Fuel Economy, which can keep a car engine performing like new for up to 20,000 kilometres between oil changes. However, it is worth noting that older engines may require a "heavier" oil with higher viscosity, such as the Mobil 1™ FS X2 5W-50 Advanced Full Synthetic Engine Oil, to provide better protection and extend engine life.
In addition to viscosity, the formulation of the engine oil also plays a role in fuel efficiency. Low-friction formulations, such as the Mobil 1 Advanced Fuel Economy full synthetic motor oils, can increase engine efficiency and fuel economy. These oils have faster flow rates due to their lower viscosity, which minimises metal-to-metal contact and reduces friction and wear. They also provide better lubrication and less viscous drag compared to higher viscosity oils.
To further enhance fuel efficiency, engine oil modifications can be made. For instance, the inclusion of more and better additives, such as antiwear additives, can help protect the metal surfaces of the engine. Additionally, friction modifiers can be used to create a slick surface and reduce friction. These modifications may provide a modest improvement in fuel economy, but they are still worthwhile in the pursuit of increased fuel efficiency.
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Avoid hard acceleration
Aggressive driving techniques, such as speeding, rapid acceleration, and braking, can waste fuel and lower your gas mileage. In fact, driving aggressively can decrease your gas mileage by 15-30% on highways and 10-40% in stop-and-go traffic.
When you accelerate hard, more fuel is pumped into the engine, and the engine has to work harder to overcome the friction involved in accelerating your car quickly. The engine is also less efficient at very low throttle positions, so it is better to avoid driving too slowly and creeping up to the speed limit.
To avoid hard acceleration, you can try to accelerate smoothly and quickly, without reaching high RPMs. This can be achieved by using a light throttle and keeping RPMs relatively low (around 2000-3000). This will help you reach the cruising speed where fuel consumption is lower.
Additionally, reducing the weight of your car can help improve fuel efficiency. For every extra 100 pounds in your vehicle, your MPG can decrease by about 1%. This is more noticeable in city driving, where you have to accelerate frequently, than on highways, where you maintain a more constant speed.
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Choose a fuel-efficient car
Choosing a fuel-efficient car is a great way to save money and reduce your carbon footprint. Here are some tips to help you select a fuel-efficient vehicle:
Engine Type and Size
As a general rule, smaller engines tend to be more fuel-efficient than larger ones. A car with a 4-cylinder engine is typically more fuel-efficient than a car with a 6 or 8-cylinder engine. However, there are exceptions to this rule, as a 4-cylinder engine with a turbocharger may consume more fuel than a 6-cylinder engine without a turbocharger. Variable compression engines, for example, can deliver high efficiency and performance in smaller engines.
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
Hybrid vehicles, which combine a traditional combustion engine with an electric motor, offer significant fuel efficiency improvements. Plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) can run on electric power for longer distances than regular hybrids and can yield impressive fuel economy, especially for those who can charge frequently and take short trips. Electric vehicles are another option, as they eliminate the need for gasoline entirely and can provide substantial cost savings over time.
Vehicle Weight and Aerodynamics
A car's weight and aerodynamics impact fuel efficiency. Lighter vehicles generally consume less fuel, especially in city driving where acceleration is more frequent. Additionally, vehicles with better aerodynamics, such as streamlined designs, can reduce drag and improve fuel efficiency at higher speeds.
Fuel-Efficient Models
When choosing a fuel-efficient car, consider models known for their efficiency. The Toyota Prius, for example, is one of the most well-known hybrids and offers excellent fuel economy. The 2024 Honda Civic, Hyundai Elantra, and Toyota Corolla are also available in fuel-efficient variants. Additionally, many SUVs now offer hybrid options, such as the Toyota Highlander Hybrid and the RAV4 Hybrid, providing a balance between space and efficiency.
Maintenance and Driving Techniques
Remember that proper maintenance and driving techniques also contribute to fuel efficiency. Keeping your tires properly inflated, using the right motor oil, and following the recommended maintenance schedule can all help improve fuel economy. Additionally, being mindful of your throttle usage and maintaining a steady speed can further enhance fuel efficiency.
By considering these factors and selecting a vehicle that aligns with your needs and priorities, you can make a well-informed choice when purchasing a fuel-efficient car.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several ways to improve a car's fuel efficiency. Firstly, keep your tires at the proper inflation pressure. Secondly, reduce the weight of the wheels and the overall weight of the car. Thirdly, use certain driving techniques such as limiting the rate at which you gain speed, avoiding idling, and using the air conditioning sparingly. Finally, keep up with the car's maintenance, such as changing the engine oil, air filters, spark plugs, and connections.
If the tire pressure is too low, it can result in more friction and lower fuel economy. If the pressure is too high, it can lead to a harsh ride and increased tire wear. Modern tires have an economy rating that indicates their impact on fuel efficiency, so choosing tires with a higher economy rating can improve fuel efficiency.
Lightweight rims and tires help improve fuel efficiency and make the car more responsive. Reducing the unsprung weight of the wheels is one of the most effective ways to improve fuel economy and handling.
Accelerating gradually and maintaining a constant speed whenever possible can help improve fuel efficiency. This can be achieved by planning journeys to minimise slowing down and accelerating. Additionally, idling (when the engine is running without moving) and using the air conditioning can increase fuel consumption, so these should be avoided.
Regular maintenance, such as changing the engine oil, air filters, spark plugs, and connections, can help keep the car running efficiently and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Using advanced motor oils specifically formulated for modern engines can also improve fuel economy.
