Sylvie Willis
Above-ground fuel tanks are a convenient option for businesses that require frequent fuelling of vehicles, construction equipment, lawn mowing equipment, and power tools. They are also easier to install and maintain than underground tanks. However, they can present significant loss exposures in the form of fires, explosions, pollution, and theft. Before installing an above-ground fuel tank, it is important to consider various factors such as capacity, size, location, compatibility, regulations, and safety requirements. The installation process involves several steps, including preparing the installation site, connecting pipe fittings, levelling and stabilising the tank, and obtaining the necessary approvals from local authorities. Regular inspections and maintenance are crucial to ensure the safe and proper functioning of the tank.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Installation | Above-ground fuel tanks are easier to install than underground tanks as they don't require deep excavation, backfilling, and piping pavement. |
| Maintenance | Above-ground fuel tanks are easier to service than underground tanks as most components can be easily accessed for testing, inspections, and repairs. |
| Safety | Above-ground fuel tanks are more susceptible to fires, explosions, pollution, and theft. Double-walled tanks are preferable to single-walled tanks as they offer more protection from leaks and corrosion. |
| Regulations | Above-ground fuel tanks are regulated by state and local fire marshals who use the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 30 and 30A codes to determine safe distances from neighbouring properties, roads, and buildings. Local regulations and building codes should also be consulted to ensure compliance with safety requirements. |
| Capacity | The capacity of the tank should be assessed based on the specific needs of the business or facility. |
| Location | The location of the tank should be on firm, level ground, away from potential health and safety risks, residential or office buildings, and any water lines, septic systems, or plants that could be damaged by fuel leakage. |
| Materials | Most above-ground fuel storage tanks are built with mild steel and coated with an epoxy-based paint. |
| Cost | The cost of the tank should include both the cost of the tank itself and installation. |
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What You'll Learn
- Choosing the right tank: Consider capacity, budget, location, and ease of installation
- Regulations: Research local building codes and fire safety requirements
- Installation: Prepare the site, connect pipe fittings, and get approval from authorities
- Maintenance: Regularly inspect for corrosion, leakage, and damage to avoid costly repairs
- Safety: Mark the tank and its contents, and ensure safety equipment is on standby
Choosing the right tank: Consider capacity, budget, location, and ease of installation
When choosing an above-ground fuel tank, there are several key factors to consider: capacity, budget, location, and ease of installation.
First, determine the required capacity of the tank. Assess your fuel storage needs with your team and decide on the size of the tank, whether it's 500 gallons or 1000+ gallons. Ensure the tank has enough space for fuel sending, storage, and expansion.
Next, consider your budget. The cost of the tank and installation should be factored in, and certain tanks may have specific requirements that increase costs. For example, above-ground tanks may need secondary containment, such as a steel or concrete dike, which will impact the overall price.
Location is another crucial aspect. Above-ground tanks are heavily regulated by state and local fire marshals, who use codes like the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 30 and 30A to determine safe distances from neighbouring properties, roads, and buildings. You should also avoid installing the tank near water lines, septic systems, or plants that could be damaged by fuel leakage. Check with your local building and fire departments to understand any restrictions and permits required.
Finally, consider the ease of installation. Above-ground tanks can be large, often 8-10 feet in diameter, and may require additional equipment like ladders or lifts for servicing. Ensure that the floor under the tank location can support the weight, and follow structural guidelines to maintain integrity. Check that you have the necessary tools and guidance for installation, and always have your local fire department inspect and approve the tank before use.
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Regulations: Research local building codes and fire safety requirements
Before installing an above-ground fuel tank, it is important to research local building codes and fire safety requirements. These regulations are in place to ensure the safe installation and use of the fuel tank and to prevent accidents, fires, and explosions. Here are some key considerations:
Firstly, contact your local planning and development department to obtain an approved engineered site plan. They will provide guidance on the specific requirements for your region, including any necessary permits and inspections. It is crucial to understand the state, federal, and local regulations that apply to above-ground fuel tanks in your area.
Fire safety is a primary concern for above-ground fuel tanks. Local fire marshals regulate these tanks closely, typically using the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 30 and 30A codes. These codes determine the safe distances that must be maintained from neighbouring properties, roads, and buildings. Additionally, it is important to keep the tank's surroundings free of ignition sources such as welding and cutting torches.
To further enhance safety, consider constructing a roof structure over the tank. This helps to minimise the effects of evaporation and condensation, keeps water away from the catch basin, and reduces overheating due to direct sunlight. Ensure that the tank is properly labelled, displaying hazard warnings, content information, storage capacity, and a unique tank ID number. It is also recommended to post "No Smoking" signs in both English and Spanish to deter flammable activities near the tank.
Regular inspections and maintenance are vital for above-ground fuel tanks. Conduct monthly inspections for leaks, corrosion, and any other damage, as per federal law. Keep detailed documentation of these inspections for at least three years. If any issues are identified, they must be addressed and rectified as soon as possible.
By diligently researching and adhering to local building codes and fire safety requirements, you can help ensure the safe and responsible installation and use of your above-ground fuel tank.
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Installation: Prepare the site, connect pipe fittings, and get approval from authorities
Installation
Prepare the site
Before installing an above-ground fuel tank, it is important to check local regulations and contact the relevant authorities to determine what permits are needed. You should also check with your insurance provider to ensure you meet their requirements. The site should be on firm, level ground, away from health and safety risks, residential or office buildings, and potential sources of ignition. It should also be paved or made of asphalt to help with pollution prevention. You should also have safety response equipment on standby, such as powder, foam, or spill response products.
Connect pipe fittings
Once the tank arrives, ensure it is level and stable. You may need to dig a hole or secure the tank with anchoring devices. Then, connect all pipe fittings according to local codes and regulations. This includes connecting the regulator and vent pipes as directed by the manufacturer.
Get approval from authorities
Before filling the tank with fuel, get approval from the local fire department. Once approved, open all valves and fill the tank slowly, monitoring the level frequently and stopping when you reach about 95% full.
Above-ground fuel tanks should be double-walled to prevent leaks and reduce the risk of fire and explosion. They should also be constructed with materials that inhibit internal corrosion, such as mild steel with epoxy coatings.
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Maintenance: Regularly inspect for corrosion, leakage, and damage to avoid costly repairs
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure the longevity and safety of your above-ground fuel tank. Due to their height and exposure to the elements, these tanks are susceptible to corrosion, leakage, and damage, which can be costly to repair.
Firstly, it is important to inspect your tank frequently for any signs of corrosion or damage. This includes checking seals and gaskets for any wear or damage and replacing them if necessary to prevent leaks. You should also check for water in the tank, as this can cause corrosion and other issues. If water is present, it must be removed and properly disposed of, and the source of the water investigated.
To prevent corrosion, you can use a range of treatments, such as biocides, fuel "polishers", or corrosion inhibitors. The inside of the tank should also be periodically examined by a qualified professional, who can recommend further treatments if necessary.
The outside of the tank should also be inspected for any damage, and the area surrounding the tank should be kept clear and maintained. This includes ensuring that the tank remains in a vertical position and that the base remains firm and level. Any bollards or protective measures should also be checked to ensure they are still fit for purpose.
Finally, the roof or covering of the tank should be inspected, as this can help to reduce the effects of evaporation and condensation and prevent water ingress.
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Safety: Mark the tank and its contents, and ensure safety equipment is on standby
Marking and ensuring safety equipment is on standby is a critical aspect of building an above-ground fuel tank. Here are some detailed instructions to achieve this:
Firstly, clearly mark the tank with visible labels that indicate its contents and associated hazards. These labels should include hazard warnings, the type of material stored, the storage capacity, and a unique tank ID number. This information is crucial for anyone operating or inspecting the tank. Additionally, ensure that "No Smoking" signs are posted prominently near the tank, in multiple languages if necessary, to mitigate the risk of ignition.
Next, ensure that the tank is installed on a solid, level foundation that can withstand the weight of a full tank. The floor should be strong enough to support the tank's weight, and you can follow standards like ASTM A615 Grade 60, ASTM A706 Grade 60, and the ACI Standard to ensure structural integrity. The base should be constructed using materials such as sand, cement, and fine gravel, and it should be firm and corrosion-resistant.
Before installing the tank, conduct a thorough inspection of its design and pay attention to its strength and pressure capacity. Assess whether the tank requires secondary containment, such as a steel or concrete dike, and obtain the necessary approvals from the relevant authorities. Ensure that the tank is situated at a safe distance from buildings, roads, and neighbouring properties, adhering to guidelines provided by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and local regulations.
Finally, have safety equipment on standby, including spill kits, leak detectors, and fire-fighting equipment. Regularly inspect the tank for leaks, corrosion, and other damage, and ensure that any issues are promptly addressed. Keep documentation of these inspections, as required by federal law, and maintain compliance with regulatory laws to ensure the tank remains structurally sound and safe.
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Frequently asked questions
First, you need to ensure you have enough space to accommodate the tank and that the floor can support the weight of the tank. You should also check local regulations and get the necessary permits.
You should ensure the tank is level and stable, and connect the regulator and vent pipes as directed by the manufacturer. You should also install the vent line, overfill protection, and spill containment bucket on the fill pipe as required.
You should get the tank inspected and approved by the local fire department. Once approved, you can open all valves and fill the tank slowly, stopping at around 95% full to allow for expansion.
