Ameer Randolph
Bleeding an oil-fired boiler is a common task for homeowners. It is necessary when air becomes trapped in the fuel line, which can happen when the boiler runs out of fuel. Bleeding the boiler involves releasing the trapped air from specific points in the fuel system, which allows fuel to reach the burner and the boiler to restart. This simple process can prevent breakdowns and improve the performance of radiators, thermostats, and furnaces. It can also help to protect the burner from damage. While bleeding a boiler can be done at home, it is recommended that homeowners call an expert if they are not confident in their ability to do so correctly.
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What You'll Learn
How to identify if your boiler needs bleeding
Bleeding an oil-fired boiler is necessary when air becomes trapped in the fuel line, hindering the flow of oil and preventing your furnace from igniting or causing it to shut down unexpectedly. This can happen when your boiler runs out of fuel, or when there is a build-up of residue in the fuel line.
- Your boiler is not performing efficiently, and your heating bills are higher than usual.
- There is a sudden increase in your heating bills, indicating that your boiler is consuming more energy than usual.
- Gurgling or whistling noises coming from the boiler, which may be caused by air in the system.
- The boiler pressure is too high or keeps dropping unexpectedly.
- The burner lockout button is lit red, indicating that the burner has locked out and stopped functioning.
- The boiler is not igniting or is shutting down unexpectedly, which could be due to airlocks or trapped air in the fuel line.
If you suspect that your boiler needs bleeding, it is important to consult a trained technician or boiler professional. They have the necessary tools, experience, and knowledge to safely and effectively bleed your oil-fired boiler and address any underlying issues.
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Tools and equipment required for the process
Bleeding an oil-fired boiler fuel filter is a simple process that can improve the performance of your radiators, thermostat, and furnace. It involves releasing trapped air from specific points in the fuel system to ensure the proper circulation of fuel. Here is a list of tools and equipment you will need to successfully bleed your oil-fired boiler fuel filter:
Bleed Key or Allen Key
The first tool you will need is a bleed key, a small metal key specifically designed to open the bleed valve on your oil boiler. It allows trapped air in the system to escape. If you are unable to locate a bleed key, an Allen key of the appropriate size (usually 4mm) can be used to loosen and remove the bleed nut.
Container
When bleeding the boiler, some fuel may spill out along with the air bubbles. Have a container ready to catch any spilled fuel and prevent mess or wastage. A small bucket or pan should be sufficient.
Cloth
Keep a cloth or rag nearby to quickly wipe up any spills or drips that occur during the bleeding process. This will help maintain cleanliness and prevent slippery surfaces.
Pressure Gauge (Optional)
While not essential, a pressure gauge can be beneficial when bleeding your oil boiler. It allows you to monitor the system pressure accurately and ensure it remains within the recommended range.
Flat Head Screwdriver (In Some Cases)
In some instances, you may need to use a flat head screwdriver to undo screws and remove the cover on the burner to access the oil pump and bleed nut.
Safety Precautions
Before starting any work on your oil boiler, it is crucial to turn off the power supply and shut off the fuel at the fuel storage tank. Additionally, always prioritize safety by engaging a trained technician or an OFTEC-registered engineer if you are unsure about any part of the process.
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Step-by-step guide to bleeding the boiler
Bleeding your oil boiler is a common task for homeowners. This process can be carried out by yourself if you are confident enough. If in any doubt, contact an OFTEC-registered engineer or a trained technician who has the necessary tools and expertise.
- Make sure your boiler is turned off.
- Take off the front cover of your appliance.
- Find the bleeder valve/screw on the fuel pump. It is usually located on the left side of the burner where the oil line comes in.
- Using a flat-head screwdriver, undo the screws and remove the cover on the burner. Most burners have two screws – one on the front and one on the top of the casing. Larger burners have three screws – one on the top and one on each side.
- Identify the oil pump, which is located on the left side of the burner and is connected to the flexible oil line.
- Search for the bleed point, which is usually on the left side of the burner.
- Place a suitable container, cloth, or rag immediately under the bleed point to catch any oil that will be released.
- Unscrew the plug no more than half a turn and leave the Allen key in place. Be careful when rotating the plug as it may come out of the bleed point and lead to an oil release.
- Listen out for a hissing sound as air starts to escape. The hissing will be followed by a sputtering of oil mixed with air.
- After the initial air has escaped, you should see a steady flow of oil.
- As soon as you get a steady flow, tighten the screw and make sure it’s fastened securely.
- Your boiler should now function as normal. Replace the casing and let it run.
Note: When bleeding the system, you may find that your boiler reset cycle finishes before all of the air is drained from your fuel line. If this happens, press the reset button again to continue the process until the trapped air is completely clear.
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What to do if the boiler doesn't fire after bleeding
If your boiler doesn't fire up after bleeding, there could be a few reasons. Firstly, ensure that there is oil in the tank. If there is no oil, the boiler won't ignite. If there is oil in the tank, check for any blockages or obstructions in the flue pipe. Soot buildup can cause issues with the boiler's performance.
If there is oil and no blockages, you may need to bleed the boiler again. It can sometimes take several attempts to get the boiler to ignite. If you have to repeatedly turn the boiler off and on, this could indicate that there is an issue with the inline filter, which may need to be replaced.
If bleeding the boiler multiple times doesn't work, it is recommended to call an OFTEC registered engineer or a trained technician. They will have the necessary tools and expertise to diagnose and resolve the issue. It is important to prioritize safety when dealing with boiler issues, so if you are unsure, it is best to seek professional help.
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How to prevent the boiler from needing to be bled
To prevent the boiler from needing to be bled, you should keep your tank topped up with oil. If you run out of oil, air can become trapped in the fuel line, which will prevent your furnace from igniting or cause it to shut down unexpectedly. This is known as an "airlock". If your boiler becomes clogged with residue, you will need to get your fuel lines cleaned or your filter replaced by an OFTEC-registered engineer.
You should regularly check the oil level in your tank to ensure it is running smoothly and refill it as needed. Schedule annual inspections with a professional technician who can clean and service your oil furnace unit. This will ensure that your unit remains in optimal running condition and is ready to restart when needed. Keep an eye out for any soot buildup or obstructions in the oil furnace flue pipe.
Monitor the oil furnace fuel filters and replace them as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure smooth running and avoid the need to restart. Replacing filters annually is wishful thinking, but you can reduce fuel oil-related issues by using a $10 oil treatment on a regular basis. A good way to monitor and diagnose fuel issues is with a $6 vacuum gauge in line between the pump and filter. Install a cartridge-type fuel filter before the pump. When the vacuum gauge rises to 12 hg, replace the filter.
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Frequently asked questions
If your boiler runs out of fuel, air may get trapped in the fuel line and stop the appliance from working. If your oil boiler is not performing efficiently, this could be why.
You will need some basic equipment, including a flat-head screwdriver, a 4mm Allen key, and an old cloth or rag.
Firstly, make sure your boiler is turned off and that the power supply is shut down. Then, take off the front cover and find the bleeder valve/screw on the fuel pump. Unscrew the plug no more than half a turn and leave the Allen key in place. Place a cloth or rag underneath to catch any escaping oil. Listen out for a hissing sound as air starts to escape, followed by a sputtering of oil mixed with air. After the initial air has escaped, you should see a steady flow of oil. Tighten the screw and make sure it’s fastened securely.
If your boiler still doesn't work, you may need to press the reset button again to continue the process until the trapped air is completely clear. If you are unsure at any point, call an expert.
