
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel, red diesel, or non-road/off-highway diesel, is a type of diesel fuel used for off-road vehicles and equipment in industries such as agriculture, construction, and power generation. It is distinct from on-road diesel due to its red colour and higher sulfur content, although regulations have reduced sulfur levels to minimize emissions. Farmers across the United States are currently facing rising costs for off-road diesel, with prices reported to be above $5 per gallon in certain regions. This price surge is influenced by various factors, including refining capacity shortages, the impact of Hurricane Ida on refineries, and rising natural gas prices in Europe.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Price | $5 per gallon and above |
| Price a year ago | $3.21 per gallon |
| Price two years ago | $1 per gallon |
| Price in Iowa | $4.85 or $4.89 per gallon |
| Price in the northern Corn Belt | $4.13 per gallon |
| Price in Montana | $5 and above per gallon |
| Price variation factors | Geography, farm, crops |
| Reason for price rise | Shortage of refining capacity, natural gas prices in Europe, Hurricane Ida |
| Use | Off-road vehicles and equipment, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, generators, boats |
| Colour | Red |
| Sulphur content | Low |
| Legality of use on public roads | Illegal |
| Taxation | Exempt from certain taxes |
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What You'll Learn

Farmers are paying over $5 for off-road diesel
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel or red diesel, is used for off-road vehicles and equipment such as construction machinery, agricultural machinery, generators, and boats. It is not subject to the same taxes as regular diesel fuel because it is intended for use in off-road contexts and therefore does not contribute to wear and tear on highways.
Farmers across the United States are currently paying over $5 for off-road diesel. This is a significant increase from previous years, with the national average diesel price now at $5.77 per gallon, compared to $3.21 a year ago. The rise in fuel prices is affecting not only the trucking industry but also agricultural producers. For example, an Iowa farmer reported purchasing fuel at a price of $4.85 or $4.89 per gallon, compared to just over $1 two years ago.
There are several factors contributing to the increase in diesel prices. One reason is the shortage of refining capacity, which has resulted in a reduction of about a million barrels per day in the nation's refining capacity compared to three years ago. Additionally, Hurricane Ida caused refineries near New Orleans to go offline, with some still not operational. The increase in natural gas prices in Europe has also contributed to the rise in diesel prices, as it has increased the cost of producing diesel.
The high cost of diesel is impacting farmers' bottom lines, as they face rising input costs for items such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and fuel and lube. While fuel prices may retreat in the second half of the year, production costs are expected to remain high, affecting balance sheets. The variation in diesel prices across different regions and farms further complicates the situation, with prices influenced by factors such as the type of crops grown.
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Off-road diesel prices vary by geography and farm
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel, red diesel, or off-highway diesel, is a type of diesel fuel used for off-road vehicles and equipment such as construction machinery, agricultural machinery, generators, and boats. It is dyed red to distinguish it from regular on-road diesel, and it has a higher sulfur content. Off-road diesel is exempt from certain taxes applied to on-road diesel fuel because it is assumed that off-road vehicles do not contribute to highway wear and tear.
The price of off-road diesel fuel for farmers varies across the United States. Farmers in the northern Corn Belt reported off-road diesel prices at $4.13, while those further east and in western states like Montana are paying above $5. The national average diesel price is $5.77 per gallon, a significant increase from $3.21 a year ago. The rise in prices is attributed to various factors, including a shortage of refining capacity, the push towards electric alternatives, and the impact of Hurricane Ida on refineries near New Orleans.
The cost of off-road diesel can also vary depending on the supplier and region. Fuel suppliers like Fuel Logic offer delivery services nationwide, catering to different volume needs. The state's specific rules and requirements also influence the price of off-road diesel, making it essential for farmers to understand their state's regulations.
Additionally, the type of crops farmed can impact diesel prices. For example, crops like corn typically require more fuel use, leading to higher costs per acre. The overall production costs, including input costs for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, fuel, and lube, have also risen sharply this year, adding to the financial burden on farmers.
While the prices of off-road diesel fuel fluctuate, farmers are currently facing challenges in managing their operations with the increasing fuel costs and input costs for their farms across the country.
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Off-road diesel is also known as dyed or red diesel
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel or red diesel, is a type of diesel fuel used for off-road vehicles and equipment. This includes construction machinery, agricultural machinery, generators, and boats. The red colour of the diesel is achieved by adding a red dye to the fuel, which is typically Solvent Red 26 or Solvent Red 164. This dye is used to distinguish it from regular on-road diesel fuel and to indicate that it has not been taxed. The use of red diesel in on-road vehicles is illegal and can result in significant fines and penalties.
The main difference between off-road and on-road diesel lies in their usage and taxation. Off-road diesel is not subject to state and federal excise taxes, which are applied to the retail sales of diesel fuel for on-road vehicles. This tax exemption makes off-road diesel more cost-effective for farmers, construction firms, and other industries that rely on off-road equipment.
The price of off-road diesel can vary depending on the supplier, region, and farm. According to reports, farmers are currently paying above $5 per gallon for off-road diesel, with prices trending upwards due to various factors such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the push towards electric vehicles, and natural gas price increases in Europe.
In terms of fuel specifications, off-road diesel typically has a higher sulfur content compared to on-road diesel. However, regulations enacted in 1994 and by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2008 and 2014 have reduced the allowable sulfur levels in off-road diesel. These regulations aim to reduce emissions and air pollutants, with off-road diesel now producing fewer emissions in many instances.
It is important to note that the use of off-road diesel is strictly prohibited in on-road vehicles. Enforcement agencies monitor fuel use, and using red-dyed diesel on public roads can result in legal action and costly penalties. Distributors and fuel retailers are also prohibited from supplying on-road vehicles with off-road diesel.
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Off-road diesel is exempt from certain taxes
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel, red diesel, or red-dyed diesel, is exempt from certain state and federal excise taxes. This is because off-road diesel is intended for equipment and vehicles that are not usually operated on public roads. Such vehicles include farming equipment, construction machinery, generators, and boats. The use of off-road diesel in on-road vehicles is illegal and can result in significant fines and penalties. Enforcement agencies monitor fuel use, and if red-dyed diesel is found to be used on public roads, legal action may be taken.
The exemption from excise taxes offers significant savings to companies. Businesses that use standard on-road diesel for off-road purposes without paying the appropriate taxes can face hefty fines and penalties. By using off-road diesel, companies can avoid these legal issues. It is important to note that each state has its own guidelines for what qualifies for fuel tax refunds, and these could differ from federal guidelines. As such, it is crucial to carefully review any restrictions and have the proper documentation to support a refund.
The cost difference between regular and off-road diesel fuel can vary depending on the supplier and region. The price of off-road diesel has been trending above the $5 mark, with farmers reporting prices of $4.13 in the northern Corn Belt and above $5 in eastern and western states. The rise in prices is attributed to various factors, including a shortage of refining capacity, the push towards electric alternatives, and natural gas prices.
To ensure compliance with tax-free diesel regulations, businesses must maintain accurate records of dyed diesel usage. Federal laws govern the use of dyed diesel, and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) strictly enforces these regulations. By understanding and adhering to the regulations, businesses can take advantage of the cost savings and regulatory compliance that dyed diesel offers.
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Using dyed diesel in on-road vehicles is illegal
Farmers are currently paying above $5 for off-road diesel, with prices trending upwards. The cost of off-road diesel varies depending on the supplier, region, and farm, with prices influenced by factors such as crop type and natural gas prices.
Off-road diesel, also known as dyed diesel or red diesel, is a type of fuel used for off-road vehicles and equipment in industries such as construction and farming. It is called "dyed" because it contains a red dye to distinguish it from regular on-road diesel. This dye serves as an indicator that the fuel is intended for off-road use only and is not subject to the same taxes as on-road diesel.
Farmers can legally use dyed diesel for their farming equipment and machinery as long as it is not operated on public roads or highways. By using dyed diesel appropriately, they can reduce operational costs and take advantage of the fuel's suitability for heavy equipment. However, any use of dyed diesel in on-road vehicles is strictly prohibited and can result in costly penalties.
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Frequently asked questions
Off-road diesel fuel, also known as non-road or off-highway diesel fuel, is used for vehicles and equipment that are not usually operated on public roadways, such as farming equipment, construction machinery, and boats. It is dyed red to distinguish it from on-highway diesel fuel.
As of April 2024, reports indicate that farmers are paying above $5 per gallon for off-road diesel fuel, with prices varying by geography and individual farm.
Off-road diesel fuel is generally less expensive due to lower taxes. This is because off-road vehicles and equipment do not contribute to wear and tear on highways.
Off-road diesel fuel is available at fuel stations and distributors catering to industries that rely on non-highway equipment. It is typically sold in bulk quantities and can also be delivered directly to farms.





















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