Regan Brown
The Saturn V rocket was developed by NASA under the Apollo programme for human exploration of the Moon. It was flown from 1967 to 1973 and was used for nine crewed flights to the Moon, as well as to launch Skylab, the first American space station. The Saturn V rocket had three stages and was powered by liquid fuel. The first stage of the Saturn V rocket used five F-1 rocket engines, producing 7.5 million pounds of thrust and consuming 20 tons (40,000 pounds) of fuel per second. The second stage carried 260,000 gallons (984,000 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 litres) of liquid oxygen, while the third stage carried 66,700 gallons (252,750 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 litres) of liquid oxygen.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| First stage fuel | 203,400 gallons (770,000 liters) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million liters) of liquid oxygen |
| First stage thrust | 7.5 million lbs. (3.4 million kg) |
| First stage fuel consumption rate | 20 tons (40,000 lbs.) of fuel per second |
| Second stage fuel | 260,000 gallons (984,000 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 liters) of liquid oxygen |
| Second stage thrust | 4,400 kilonewtons (1,000,000 lbf) |
| Second stage burn time | 395 seconds |
| Third stage fuel | 66,700 gallons (252,750 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 liters) of liquid oxygen |
| Payload capacity to low Earth orbit | 310,000 lbs. (140,000 kg) |
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What You'll Learn
The Saturn V rocket's first stage consumes 20 tons of fuel per second
The Saturn V rocket was a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo programme for human exploration of the Moon. It was flown from 1967 to 1973 and was used for nine crewed flights to the Moon, as well as to launch Skylab, the first American space station. The Saturn V rocket had three stages and was powered by liquid fuel.
The first stage of the Saturn V rocket consumed an incredible 20 tons (40,000 pounds) of fuel per second. This stage carries 203,400 gallons (770,000 litres) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million litres) of liquid oxygen needed for combustion. At liftoff, the stage's five F-1 rocket engines ignite and produce 7.5 million pounds of thrust. This immense power allows the rocket to accelerate through the atmosphere, with the second stage providing additional propulsion.
The second stage of the Saturn V rocket carries 260,000 gallons (984,000 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 litres) of liquid oxygen. This stage provides further acceleration and enables the rocket to reach the upper atmosphere. The second stage is discarded after approximately nine minutes and nine seconds, at which point the third stage takes over.
The third stage of the Saturn V rocket carries 66,700 gallons (252,750 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 litres) of liquid oxygen. The third stage's single rocket engine is fired for approximately 11 minutes and 39 seconds, providing the final push to attain sufficient speed for Earth orbit.
The Saturn V rocket's remarkable fuel consumption, especially in its first stage, showcases the engineering prowess and ambition behind the Apollo programme. This powerful machine played a crucial role in human exploration beyond Earth, paving the way for further space exploration and our continued quest to understand the universe.
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The first stage carries 203,400 gallons of kerosene fuel
The Saturn V rocket, developed by NASA under the Apollo programme, was a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle used for human exploration of the Moon. It was flown from 1967 to 1973 and was used for nine crewed flights to the Moon, as well as to launch Skylab, the first American space station.
The Saturn V rocket had three stages and was powered by liquid fuel. The first stage carried 203,400 gallons (770,000 litres) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million litres) of liquid oxygen, which was required for combustion. The five F-1 rocket engines on this stage produced a combined 7.5 million pounds of thrust, burning through 20 tons (40,000 pounds) of fuel per second.
The first stage of the Saturn V rocket was used during launch for about two minutes, after which the F-1 engines shut down at an altitude of 42 miles (67 kilometres). At this point, explosive bolts fired, and the severed first stage fell into the Atlantic Ocean.
The second stage of the Saturn V carried 260,000 gallons (984,000 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 litres) of liquid oxygen. The third stage carried significantly less fuel, with 66,700 gallons (252,750 litres) of liquid hydrogen and 19,359 gallons (73,280 litres) of liquid oxygen.
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The S-II stage of the Saturn V used liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
The Saturn V is a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle that was developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. It was flown from 1967 to 1973 and was used for nine crewed flights to the Moon, as well as to launch Skylab, the first American space station. The Saturn V rocket had three stages and was powered by liquid fuel.
The S-II stage had a dry mass of about 43,000 kilograms (95,000 lb) and when fully fuelled, it weighed 470,000 kilograms (1,037,000 lb). When fully loaded with propellant, the S-II had a mass of about 480 t (1,060,000 lb), with 92.4% of this mass being liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
The use of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in the S-II stage of the Saturn V offered several advantages. Hydrogen is much more efficient than kerosene, although it has a lower density. This meant that the second stage of the Saturn V could be larger, despite weighing less than the first stage. The use of liquid oxygen was necessary to power the five F-1 engines, as they required far more oxygen per second than could be pulled from the atmosphere.
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The third stage carries 66,700 gallons of liquid hydrogen fuel
The Saturn V rocket was a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo programme for human exploration of the Moon. It was flown from 1967 to 1973 and was used for nine crewed flights to the Moon, as well as to launch Skylab, the first American space station. The Saturn V rocket had three stages and was powered by liquid fuel.
The third stage of the Saturn V rocket carried 66,700 gallons (252,750 litres) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 litres) of liquid oxygen. This gave the rocket enough fuel to reach Earth orbit and, later, to leave it.
The third stage of the Saturn V was ignited at nine minutes and nine seconds after launch, after the second stage had been discarded. The third stage's single rocket engine burned for two minutes and thirty-four seconds, until eleven minutes and thirty-nine seconds after launch, when the vehicle had attained sufficient speed to reach Earth orbit.
About two and a half hours later, the third stage engine was restarted to send the Apollo spacecraft out of Earth orbit and towards the Moon. This final stage of the Saturn V rocket then coasted away into deep space or was commanded to crash land on the Moon.
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The Saturn V was powered by liquid fuel
The Saturn V rocket was a retired American super heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket was human-rated, had three stages, and was powered by liquid fuel.
The first stage of the Saturn V rocket used five F-1 rocket engines, producing 7.5 million pounds of thrust and was used during launch for about 2 minutes. It burned through 20 tons (40,000 pounds) of fuel per second. The first stage carries 203,400 gallons (770,000 liters) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million liters) of liquid oxygen needed for combustion.
The second stage carries 260,000 gallons (984,000 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 liters) of liquid oxygen. The second stage is discarded at 9 minutes and 9 seconds after launch. The S-II second stage, built by North American Aviation, used liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, with a burn time of 395 seconds.
The third stage carries 66,700 gallons (252,750 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 liters) of liquid oxygen. The third stage's single rocket engine is fired until 11 minutes and 39 seconds after launch, when the vehicle has attained sufficient speed to reach Earth orbit.
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Frequently asked questions
The Saturn V rocket’s first stage burns 203,400 gallons (770,000 liters) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million liters) of liquid oxygen.
The Saturn V rocket burns 40,000 pounds (20 tons) of fuel per second.
The Saturn V's second stage carries 260,000 gallons (984,000 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 80,000 gallons (303,000 liters) of liquid oxygen.
The Saturn V's third stage carries 66,700 gallons (252,750 liters) of liquid hydrogen fuel and 19,359 gallons (73,280 liters) of liquid oxygen.
The Saturn V had a payload capacity of 310,000 lb (140,000 kg), including unburned propellant.
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