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The Humvee, or HMMWV, is a tactical vehicle produced for the US Army. It is a lightweight, diesel-powered, four-wheel-drive vehicle that can be fuelled with gasoline, old motor oil, kerosene, jet fuel, and even water (although this is not recommended). The standard fuel tank capacity of a Humvee is 95 litres, but this can be increased to 100 litres for an expanded capacity vehicle (ECV) model.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fuel capacity | 27-40 US gallons (100-150 litres or 22-33 imperial gallons) |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Alternative fuel types | Gasoline, old motor oil, kerosene, jet fuel |
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What You'll Learn
Fuel tank capacity: 27-40 US gallons
The fuel tank capacity of a Humvee is 27 to 40 US gallons, which equates to 100 to 150 litres, or 22 to 33 imperial gallons. The standard Humvee model M998 has a fuel tank capacity of 95 litres.
Textron's Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) is a protective capsule that can be added to the Humvee to increase its survivability to MRAP levels. This modification also increases the fuel capacity to the upper end of the range, at 40 US gallons. The SCTV also moves the battery and fuel cells from under the rear seat to the rear of the vehicle.
The Humvee is a tactical vehicle produced for the US Army, designed to replace the US Army's tactical vehicles in the 0.25t to 1.25t range. It is a lightweight, diesel-powered, four-wheel-drive vehicle, built on the M998 chassis.
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Alternative fuels: WMO, ATF, JP6, diesel
A Humvee, or HMMWV, can hold 25 US gallons (95 litres) of fuel.
Now, here is some information on alternative fuels:
WMO
WMO, or Waste Motor Oil, is a type of alternative fuel that can be used in some vehicles. It is made from petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been used in automotive engines and then recovered from drains, sumps, or recycling centres. WMO often contains contaminants such as dirt, water, chemicals, and metals, so it must be processed and refined before it can be used as fuel. This process involves removing the contaminants and adjusting the viscosity and acidity of the oil to meet fuel standards. Using WMO as fuel can be beneficial as it reduces the amount of waste motor oil that needs to be disposed of and can also reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources.
ATF
ATF, or Aviation Turbine Fuel, is a colourless to straw-coloured fuel designed for aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. The most commonly used types of ATF are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced according to international specifications. Jet B is another type of ATF that is used for improved performance in cold weather. ATF is a mixture of hydrocarbons, and its exact composition varies depending on the petroleum source. As such, ATF is defined by its performance specifications rather than as a specific chemical compound.
JP6
JP6 is a type of jet fuel that is used in military aircraft. It is a kerosene-type fuel with a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 carbon atoms per molecule. JP6 is similar to other kerosene-type jet fuels such as JP-5 and JP-8. These types of jet fuels have a higher flash point, making them less flammable and safer to transport and handle.
Diesel
Diesel fuel is a commonly used fuel type, particularly for vehicles such as trucks, buses, and some cars that have diesel engines. It is made from petroleum products and is usually less flammable than gasoline. Diesel fuel has a higher energy density than gasoline, which contributes to better fuel efficiency and a higher compression ratio in diesel engines.
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Fuel efficiency upgrades: engine, transmission, cooling system
The Humvee is a formidable vehicle, with a range of features that make it a highly capable off-road machine. However, there is always room for improvement, especially when it comes to fuel efficiency. Upgrades to the engine, transmission, and cooling system can significantly enhance fuel economy and overall performance.
Engine Upgrades
Upgrading the engine is one of the most effective ways to improve fuel efficiency. The latest iteration of the Humvee series, the M1151A1, features a more powerful 6.5-liter turbo-diesel engine. This turbocharged engine not only delivers increased horsepower but also contributes to better fuel economy. Additionally, Textron offers a Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) modification that replaces the standard 6.5-liter diesel engine with a Cummins 6.7-liter diesel engine. This upgrade not only boosts engine power but also improves fuel efficiency, especially when combined with the Allison 6-speed transmission.
Another innovative approach to engine upgrades is the prototype XM1124 hybrid-electric Humvee. This variant utilizes a diesel-series hybrid system with an all-electric drive train, resulting in reduced emissions and improved fuel efficiency. The electric drive train offers a 6-mile full-electric range, ideal for silent operations and emergency situations.
Transmission Upgrades
Upgrading the transmission is crucial for optimizing fuel efficiency. The Allison 6-speed transmission, featured in the Textron SCTV upgrade, enhances power delivery and fuel economy. Additionally, the standard selective shift automatic transmission in the Mexican-built HMMWVs, connected to a Mercedes Benz diesel engine, provides smooth power transfer and contributes to overall fuel efficiency.
Cooling System Upgrades
Enhancements to the cooling system play a vital role in preventing overheating and improving engine performance. The Paradox HMMWV 6.2/6.5/6.5T Cooling Upgrade Kit addresses an inherent design flaw in the cooling circuit of these engines. By redistributing coolant flow more evenly, the kit helps maintain optimal engine temperatures, reducing heat-related issues and improving fuel efficiency. The kit also reduces mechanical fan cycling, minimizing power loss and noise, resulting in better fuel burn and overall efficiency.
Additionally, the cooling upgrade kit can be paired with an aftermarket fuel pre-heater system for cold climates or bio-diesel applications, further optimizing fuel efficiency in extreme conditions.
In summary, upgrading the engine, transmission, and cooling system of a Humvee can significantly enhance its fuel efficiency. These improvements not only reduce fuel consumption but also contribute to improved performance, longevity, and overall capability, making the Humvee an even more formidable vehicle.
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Fuel mix: 80% WMO, 20% diesel
The standard fuel capacity of a Humvee is 27 US gallons (100 litres). However, with the addition of the Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) kit, the fuel capacity can be increased to 40 US gallons (150 litres).
Regarding the use of alternative fuels in Humvees, some users have reported success with mixing Waste Motor Oil (WMO) and diesel. One user reported running their truck with an 80% WMO and 20% diesel mix during the summer without any problems for three years. They also mentioned changing the fuel filter twice a year and using a higher diesel mix in colder weather to prevent the fuel from gelling up.
It is important to note that WMO contains abrasive particles and acids that can cause accelerated wear on engine components. Therefore, it is recommended to use a centrifuge to clean the WMO before mixing it with diesel. Additionally, some users suggest keeping the diesel ratio higher to maintain the viscosity similar to that of pure diesel fuel, which is crucial for injector flow.
When blending WMO and diesel, it is essential to monitor the engine's performance and make adjustments as needed. Some users have reported that blends with a higher percentage of diesel, such as a 70% WMO and 30% diesel mix, can help the engine start easier and run smoother. It is also recommended to pay attention to the exhaust and ensure that it is not excessively smoky or producing unusual colours.
While using alternative fuels like WMO and diesel blends can help reduce fuel costs, it is important to carefully consider the potential trade-offs in engine performance, maintenance requirements, and long-term durability.
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Fuel injector issues: water, diesel, gasoline
The fuel capacity of a Humvee is 27 US gallons (100 litres), although this has been increased to 40 US gallons (150 litres) with the introduction of Textron's Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) modifications.
Now, here is some information on fuel injector issues with water, diesel, and gasoline:
Water in fuel can cause significant damage to injectors in diesel engines. Water contamination can lead to injector leakage, resulting in excessive fuel entering the engine and causing black or white smoke from the exhaust. While black smoke indicates a less severe issue, white smoke suggests unburnt fuel and potential damage to the engine. It is recommended to use a scan tool to check fuel balancing rates and identify any injector leaks.
Using diesel fuel in gasoline engines can also cause injector issues. Diesel fuel has different combustion properties and, when used in a gasoline engine, can lead to injector damage and affect the combustion process.
In addition to water and diesel contamination, gasoline injector issues can arise from electrical problems, physical damage, and other fuel system failures. Electrical issues, such as wiring or solenoid problems, can prevent the injector from opening properly, resulting in poor engine performance. Physical damage, such as cracks in the injector body or connections, can cause fuel leakage. Other fuel system components, including the fuel pump, pressure regulator, or vacuum leaks, can also impact fuel pressure and delivery, leading to apparent injector malfunction.
Dirty or clogged injectors are another common issue, resulting in rough idling, stalling, and unusual RPM behaviour. These issues can lead to decreased fuel efficiency and engine performance.
To address injector issues, it is essential to identify the root cause and take appropriate corrective actions. Regular maintenance, injector cleaning, and the use of high-quality fuel can help prevent and mitigate injector problems.
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Frequently asked questions
The fuel capacity of a Humvee is 27 to 40 US gallons (100 to 150 litres) or 95 litres, according to different sources.
The Humvee is a tactical vehicle produced for the US Army and is diesel-powered.
The payload capacity of a Humvee is 2,500lb with a maximum speed of 65mph.
