Katerina Swanson
The Boeing 707 is a wide-body airliner that was first introduced in the 1950s. The 707-320 variant, which was used for the first time on a scheduled flight in 1959, had a maximum takeoff weight of 141,700 kg and could carry up to 90,160 litres of fuel. The 707-420 variant has a maximum takeoff weight of 141,523 kg and can carry up to 90,299 litres of fuel. The fuel consumption of the 707-320B variant is estimated to be around 1200 gallons per hour. The 707's engine technology has since become outdated in terms of noise and fuel economy, leading to the development of more efficient aircraft such as the Boeing 747.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Maximum takeoff weight | 247,000 lb (112,000 kg) or 312,000 lb (142,000 kg) |
| Fuel weight | 72,239 kg (90,299 litres) or 72,128 kg (90,160 litres) |
| Fuel consumption | 1200 gallons per hour |
| Minimum fuel consumption | 7.324 kg/km at cruise height |
| Max. range speed (Vbr) | 884 km/u |
| Max. rate of descent with landing gear extended, with use of spoilers | 457 m/min |
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What You'll Learn
- Fuel efficiency: The 707-321B's fuel efficiency is estimated at 0.871 cents per statute mile
- Fuel consumption: The 707-320B may consume 1200 gallons of fuel per hour
- Engine type: The 707-420's turbofan engines offer greater fuel efficiency than turbojets
- Takeoff weight: The 707-320's takeoff weight increased to 142,000 kg with higher-rated JT4A engines
- Range: The 707-138's range increased due to wing modifications and increased fuel capacity
Fuel efficiency: The 707-321B's fuel efficiency is estimated at 0.871 cents per statute mile
Fuel efficiency is a critical aspect of aircraft operations, and the Boeing 707-321B is an aircraft with notable fuel efficiency characteristics. According to estimates, the 707-321B has a direct operating cost of about 0.871 cents per statute mile. This estimate, however, does not specify whether it is based on 1960s cents or modern currency values.
The fuel efficiency of the 707-321B is a result of several factors, including engine type and aircraft design. The 707 series initially featured turbojet engines, but the dominant engine for the 707 family became the Pratt & Whitney JT3D, a turbofan variant that offered lower fuel consumption and higher thrust compared to the earlier turbojet engines. The adoption of turbofan engines was a significant step towards improving fuel efficiency in the 707 series.
The 707-321B variant specifically addressed fuel efficiency through engine improvements. The -321B version was powered by the Pratt & Whitney JT3D-3 engine, an upgraded version of the JT3D that delivered even better fuel efficiency. This engine provided a thrust of 18,000 lbf (80 kN), combining increased power with reduced fuel consumption.
Additionally, modifications to the airframe and wings contributed to the 707-321B's fuel efficiency. The 707-320 series, which the -321B variant belongs to, featured an extended-span wing design. This wing modification increased fuel capacity, allowing the aircraft to carry more fuel and, consequently, extending its range. The longer wings also improved aerodynamic performance, further optimizing fuel efficiency during cruise and climb phases of flight.
It is worth noting that the 707 series, including the 707-321B, faced challenges in the 1960s due to advancements in engine technology. The introduction of newer, more fuel-efficient aircraft, such as the Boeing 747, rendered the 707 less competitive in terms of fuel economy. However, the 707-321B's fuel efficiency estimates of 0.871 cents per statute mile highlight the aircraft's efficiency within the context of its era and technological advancements at that time.
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Fuel consumption: The 707-320B may consume 1200 gallons of fuel per hour
The Boeing 707-320B is a variant of the 707-320, which first flew in 1959 and was used for the first time on a scheduled flight around the world. The 707-320B features more powerful and fuel-efficient engines than the original 707-320.
The 707-320B's fuel consumption is estimated to be approximately 1200 gallons per hour. This estimate is based on the aircraft's engine type and performance specifications. The actual fuel consumption may vary depending on various factors, such as payload, weather conditions, and flight path.
The 707-320B has a maximum takeoff weight of 141,700 kg, including fuel. The weight of the fuel carried by the aircraft can be up to 72,128 kg, which is equivalent to 90,160 liters or approximately 23,750 gallons. This fuel capacity allows the 707-320B to have a range of up to 8,890 kilometers with a payload of 100% fuel, 11 crew members, and 53 passengers.
The 707-320B's fuel efficiency can be compared to other aircraft, such as the 707-120B, which had Pratt & Whitney JT3D-1 turbofan engines. These engines were rated at 17,000 lbf (75.6 kN) and provided improved fuel efficiency compared to the earlier turbojet engines used on the 707 series. However, the actual fuel consumption of the 707-120B is not provided, making a direct comparison challenging.
The fuel consumption of the 707-320B highlights the advancements in engine technology and fuel efficiency over time. The original 707 series, introduced in the 1950s, utilized turbojet engines with higher fuel consumption. The development of more efficient turbofan engines, such as the JT3D and JT4A series, contributed to reduced fuel consumption in aircraft like the 707-320B.
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Engine type: The 707-420's turbofan engines offer greater fuel efficiency than turbojets
The Boeing 707 is a four-engine commercial passenger jet airliner that was developed in the early 1950s. The 707-420s are a variant of the 707-320s, with Rolls-Royce Conway turbofan engines. The 707-420s offer greater fuel efficiency than turbojets due to the addition of an enclosed set of large compressor blades, which move volumes of cool air along the core engines' exterior. This results in increased power, lower fuel consumption, and reduced noise and pollution, compared to turbojets.
The 707-420s were first flown using the Rolls-Royce Conway turbofan engines on May 20, 1959. However, the first commercial orders for the 707 came on October 13, 1955, when Pan Am committed to 20 Boeing 707s. The 707-420s have a maximum takeoff weight of 141,523 kg, with a fuel weight of 72,239 kg (90,299 litres). The aircraft has a maximum range of 7,830 km with a useful load of 25,855 kg.
The 707-420s offer improved performance and efficiency over earlier variants of the 707, such as the 707-120, which was initially powered by Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines. The 707-120 had a maximum takeoff weight of 112,000 kg, while the 707-420s could accommodate a higher weight, allowing for longer routes. The 707-320s, which are similar to the 707-420s but with turbojet engines, have a takeoff weight of 137,000 kg, which was further increased to 142,000 kg with higher-rated engines and centre section tanks.
The 707-420s also feature improvements over the 707-320s, which were introduced in 1959. The 707-320s had a range of 2,600 km, while the 707-420s could fly up to 6,940 km. The 707-420s could carry 141 passengers in two classes, compared to the 707-320s' 137 passengers. The 707-420s' turbofan engines offered greater fuel efficiency, which allowed for increased range and passenger capacity.
While the 707-420s offered improved performance and efficiency, the 707 series as a whole faced challenges due to the exponential growth in air travel in the 1960s. The 707 became too small to handle the increased passenger numbers, and modifications to the fuselage and engines were not feasible due to limited ground clearance. As a result, Boeing developed the first wide-body airliner, the Boeing 747, to address these issues.
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Takeoff weight: The 707-320's takeoff weight increased to 142,000 kg with higher-rated JT4A engines
The Boeing 707 is an early American long-range, narrow-body jet airliner. It was the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. The 707-320 is a stretched version of the turbojet-powered 707-120, which was the first production 707 variant. The 707-320 featured an extended-span wing and JT4A engines, while the 707-420 was the same as the -320 but with Conway turbofan engines.
The 707-320 Intercontinental was initially powered by JT4A-3 or JT4A-5 turbojets producing 15,800 lbf (70.3 kN) each. Most eventually got 17,500 lbf (77.8 kN) JT4A-11s. The interior allowed up to 189 passengers, the same as the -120 and -220 series, but improved two-class capacity due to an 80-inch fuselage stretch ahead of the wing. The longer wing carried more fuel, increasing the range by 1,600 miles (2,600 km) and allowing the aircraft to operate as a true transoceanic aircraft.
The 707-320 Intercontinental's takeoff weight was increased to 302,000 lb (137,000 kg) initially and to 312,000 lb (142,000 kg) with the higher-rated JT4As and centre section tanks. The wing modifications included outboard and inboard inserts, as well as a kink in the trailing edge to add area inboard.
The 707-320B series enabled non-stop westbound flights from Europe to the West Coast of the United States and from the US to Japan. The final 707 variant was the 707-320C, which had a large fuselage door for cargo. It had a revised wing with three-sectioned leading-edge flaps, improving takeoff and landing performance and allowing the ventral fin to be removed.
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Range: The 707-138's range increased due to wing modifications and increased fuel capacity
The Boeing 707-138 was a variant of the 707 produced for Qantas, featuring a -
The 707-138's wings were modified for increased lift, with extensions to the fin and horizontal stabilizer, and the allowable temperature range for the use of full takeoff power was increased by 10 °F (5.5 °C). The leading-edge slats of the wings were also modified, increasing the range by 1,600 miles (2,600 km) and allowing the aircraft to operate as a true transoceanic aircraft.
The 707-138's fuel capacity was increased to 90,160 litres, with a maximum takeoff weight of 141,700 kg, including fuel weight. This increased fuel capacity, combined with the wing modifications, contributed to the aircraft's extended range.
The 707-138's range with maximum fuel was 8,890 km, with 11 crew members and 53 passengers. With additional fuel tanks, the theoretical maximum range could be extended to 9,754 km.
The fuel consumption of the 707-320B variant has been estimated at approximately 1,200 gallons per hour, or 0.871 cents per statute mile, although it is unclear if these figures are based on modern or historical fuel prices.
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Frequently asked questions
The amount of fuel used by a 707 on takeoff depends on the variant of the aircraft and the weight of the aircraft during takeoff. The 707-420, for example, has a maximum takeoff weight of 141,523 kg and can carry 72,239 kg of fuel. The 707-320 has a maximum takeoff weight of 141,700 kg and can carry 72,128 kg of fuel.
The 707-420 has a fuel capacity of 90,299 litres or 72,239 kg.
The 707-320 has a fuel capacity of 90,160 litres or 72,128 kg.
The 707-320 has a minimum fuel consumption of 7.324 kg/km at cruise height. The aircraft consumes approximately 1,200 gallons of fuel per hour.
The 707 initially used turbojet engines, but the dominant engine for the family was the Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan engine, which offered lower fuel consumption and higher thrust compared to the earlier turbojet engines.
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