Katerina Swanson
Keeping diesel fuel clean is a critical but challenging task, especially with long-term storage. Contamination can cause significant issues, including equipment breakdowns and damage. To prevent this, fuel polishing is a recommended method, which involves filtration, centrifuges, and coalescers to remove impurities, sediment, water, and microbial contamination. This process can be supplemented with additives like Clear-Diesel Fuel & Tank Cleaner to disperse contaminants and stabilize fuel. Regular testing and maintenance are crucial, with some sources suggesting fuel polishing at least annually. Additionally, diesel users should ensure that their fuel meets industry standards and is stored in a well-designed tank that minimizes the risk of contamination.
Characteristics and Values of Clean Diesel Fuel
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Fuel Polishing Formula | Removes water and slime, disperses contaminants, stabilizes fuel during long-term storage |
| Biodiesel blends | Effectively removes residual water and contaminants during microbial contamination clean-ups |
| Temperature | Above 30°F: add Diesel Kleen +Cetane Boost to clean injectors, boost power, lubricate pumps and injectors, and restore lost power and fuel economy |
| Temperature | Below 30°F: add Diesel Fuel Supplement +Cetane Boost for winter operability, prevents fuel gelling, and protects against fuel-filter icing |
| Fuel Tank Cleaning | Pump or drain excess water and fuel contaminants from the bottom of the fuel tank, add Clear-Diesel Fuel & Tank Cleaner |
| Fuel Efficiency | Clean fuel is essential for efficient combustion in a diesel engine |
| Fuel Filter | Removes contaminants and impurities from the fuel, safeguarding the engine’s performance and durability by keeping harmful particles out of the fuel system |
| Fuel Injectors | High-pressure fuel systems with tiny openings that need to stay clean to avoid clogging and reducing engine performance |
| Emissions | Avoiding soot while keeping temperatures low to avoid excess nitrogen oxide |
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What You'll Learn
Filtering diesel fuel
Diesel fuel filters are designed to remove damaging particles that find their way into the fuel. However, the particles rarely clog the filters; instead, it is the fuel itself that clogs the filter. All diesel fuel contains a substance known as asphaltene, which tends to stick to the individual fibres of the filter as it passes through. Over time, asphaltene coats the surface of the filter media and plugs the filter. Asphaltene particles are generally in the 1/2 to 2-micron range.
Another common issue with diesel fuel is wax. As the temperature of diesel fuel is reduced, wax crystals begin to precipitate out of the solution. This temperature is known as the cloud point, where the fuel transitions from a clear to a cloudy appearance. The fuel filter begins to choke as more and more wax crystals settle out of the solution and move through the fuel system. A yellow, waxy substance eventually envelops the filter and prevents the passage of fuel.
Water is another contaminant that can cause problems in diesel fuel. Water can enter the fuel system through condensation, human error, ingress during refuelling, or water leakage into the tank. Water in the fuel can cause corrosion, and because it doesn't burn, it reduces fuel efficiency. Water can also lead to microbial growth, which can create slimes that dirty the fuel and acids that corrode the tank and fuel system.
To prevent these issues, diesel fuel filtration systems are used to remove harmful contaminants and improve fuel efficiency, performance, and reliability. These systems use high-efficiency filters to mechanically remove solid particles and separate water from the fuel. There are both online and offline options for diesel fuel conditioning. An inline filter housing can be added between the diesel tank and the dispensing nozzle. An offline system recirculates the fuel through a conditioning skid, constantly circulating the fuel. Custom diesel fuel treatment trailers are also available, equipped with multiple stages of treatment and chemical injection.
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Fuel polishing
The process of fuel polishing typically involves multiple stages of filtration that the fuel flows through, each with its own unique filtration purpose. During fuel polishing, diesel passes through several progressively smaller filters, trapping suspended solids but allowing fluids to pass through. This helps in removing sludge, debris, and sediment from the fuel. Some filters can also absorb water from diesel. Advanced filters use centrifugal force to capture suspended particles and water.
It is recommended to undertake a fuel analysis before commencing fuel polishing to identify the exact contamination problem and devise a targeted solution. A second fuel test should be performed after fuel polishing to confirm that the issue has been resolved. Fuel polishing should be conducted at least once a year, although the frequency may vary depending on the susceptibility of the tank to contamination and the volume of diesel stored.
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Removing water
Water contamination in diesel fuel can occur due to a variety of reasons, and it is important to address this issue to ensure the purity of the diesel and to prevent damage to the engine. Diesel fuel has hygroscopic qualities, meaning it attracts and absorbs moisture from the air at the molecular level, so it almost always contains some water. Additionally, condensation can occur in fuel tanks, especially during temperature fluctuations, leading to water droplet formation and subsequent contamination. Water can also enter fuel tanks due to human error, such as leaving the fuel tank cap off, or through leaks and poor tank seals.
To remove water from diesel fuel, it is recommended to use a high-quality filtration system that separates air and water from the fuel. Systems like the AirDog® FPII system employ a water separator to remove water before sending the fuel to a particulate filter.
Another approach to removing water is to drain the fuel tank and clean it. This process involves removing the fuel cap, placing a catching container underneath, and unscrewing the fuel line nut or hose to allow drainage. Once the tank is drained, an extraction pump can be used to remove any remaining fuel and sediment. It may also be necessary to blow out debris with an air compressor. After cleaning the fuel lines and ensuring they are secured, fresh diesel fuel can be added to the tank, along with the appropriate amount of diesel fuel tank cleaner.
To minimize water contamination, it is important to keep fuel levels high to reduce air space and mitigate condensation. Tanks should be tightly sealed, and regular inspections should be conducted to identify and repair any leaks promptly. Choosing reputable fuel suppliers and ensuring clean and well-maintained fuel delivery equipment can also help prevent water contamination.
By following these steps and taking preventative measures, you can effectively remove water from diesel fuel and maintain the performance and longevity of your engine.
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Preventing contamination
Diesel fuel contamination can have serious repercussions, causing significant performance issues, costly repairs, and even complete engine failure. Water is a common source of contamination, providing the perfect environment for microbial growth, which can lead to corrosive acids that cause tanks to leak. Therefore, it is essential to prevent water from entering diesel fuel tanks.
To prevent water contamination, it is recommended to drain water from the bottom of the tank as frequently as possible, especially in hot and humid conditions. Tanks should be protected from rainwater and other sources of water ingress, such as loose filler caps, worn seals, torn gaskets, or broken tank breather pipes. Automatic tank gauging systems (ATG) can be used to detect water automatically. Regular testing of the fuel is also crucial for early detection and treatment of contamination. Immunoassay antibody tests are quick, easy to use, and reliable for detecting harmful microbes.
In addition to water, diesel fuel is also susceptible to microbial contamination, known as diesel bug or diesel fungus. This contamination is challenging to prevent as fungal spores and bacteria can be carried in the air and water. However, good housekeeping practices and regular testing can help limit the problem. Biocides can be used to control diesel bug, but in severe cases, complete tank cleaning or fuel remediation may be required.
Contamination by impurities such as dirt, rust, or microbes can also cause issues. Routine filter changes are necessary to trap these contaminants before they reach sensitive engine components. A sudden increase in filter clogging can indicate fuel contamination. Clear-Diesel Fuel & Tank Cleaner is a product that can be added to the fuel to remove water and disperse contaminants, stabilising the fuel for long-term storage.
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Maintaining fuel tanks
Inspecting the Tank:
Before initiating any cleaning process, it is crucial to inspect the fuel tank for any signs of sludge, sediment, or other contaminants. This can be done by draining the tank and using a flashlight to look inside or creating access hatches to visually inspect the interior.
Draining and Cleaning:
Start by draining the entire contents of the fuel tank into a suitable container. This step ensures that you remove as much fuel as possible, making the cleaning process more effective. If the tank is easily accessible and removable, consider taking it out to facilitate the cleaning process. Use a siphon to remove any remaining fuel and contaminants, as it is more effective than simply draining.
Removing Contaminants:
Utilize a suitable cleaning solvent to cut through the diesel and break down any sludge or sediment buildup. You can use a garden sprayer to apply the solvent evenly inside the tank. Alternatively, consider pressure washing the tank with hot water and soap or using a steamer for a more intensive clean. If there is stubborn sludge, you may need to manually scoop it out, being sure to dispose of it properly.
Drying the Tank:
Allow the tank to air dry thoroughly. You can place it in direct sunlight to speed up the drying process. Ensure that all openings are sealed to prevent dust or debris from entering during the drying process.
Reinstalling the Tank:
Once the tank is clean and dry, reinstall it securely, ensuring all connections are tight and secure. Replace all fuel filters and clean the heads. It is also recommended to replace rubber fuel lines to prevent any further contamination.
Preventative Measures:
To maintain the cleanliness of your fuel tank, keep it full after cleaning to prevent condensation, which can lead to rust and bacterial growth. Regularly inspect your fuel tank and maintain the entire fuel system, including the lines between the tank and engine, to prevent sludge reformation.
By following these steps and performing regular maintenance, you can effectively clean and maintain your diesel fuel tanks, ensuring the optimal performance of your engine.
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Frequently asked questions
Fuel polishing is an effective way to clean diesel fuel. This process involves filtering out impurities such as water, sludge, debris, and microbial contamination. It is recommended to be done at least once a year to prevent engine breakdown and damage.
Diesel fuel passes through progressively smaller filters, trapping solids while allowing fluids to pass through. Advanced filters use centrifugal force to separate water and contaminants from the diesel. This process can be done on tanks ranging from 20 to 10,000 gallons.
It is recommended to clean your diesel fuel at least once a year, especially if you have an underground tank that is free from water contamination. However, if your tank is more susceptible to contamination or you are storing large amounts of diesel, you may need to clean it more frequently.
It is important to monitor fuel quality through periodic testing. This can help detect fuel instability, contamination, and the presence of water. If issues are detected, fuel and tank cleaning should be undertaken promptly. Reputable fuel distributors may also help with this process.
