Sylvie Willis
Diesel fuel is a crucial resource for powering trucks, generators, and heavy machinery. However, storing diesel fuel comes with challenges, as it has a limited shelf life and is susceptible to contamination and degradation over time. The quality of diesel fuel begins to deteriorate within 28 days of storage, and it can only be stored for an average of 6 to 12 months, or up to 2 years at most under ideal conditions. To prolong the shelf life of diesel fuel, it is important to store it in a clean, dry, and cool environment, typically around 20°F, using a high-quality tank that is regularly checked and maintained to prevent contamination.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Shelf life | 6-12 months on average; 1.5-2 years according to NFPA 110 |
| Factors affecting shelf life | temperature, quality of fuel, presence of contaminants |
| Contamination | begins within 28 days of storage; caused by components such as diesel bug |
| Prevention of contamination | store in a clean, dry, and cool environment; use a high-quality fuel tank with a lockable cap or pump cabinet |
| Maintenance | monitor regularly, establish a maintenance plan, keep the tank clean and structurally intact |
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What You'll Learn
Diesel fuel storage life
The storage life of diesel fuel depends on several factors, and fuel can be kept for varying lengths of time.
Firstly, the ideal conditions for storing diesel fuel are keeping it dry and cool (below 70°F or 20°F-85°F according to some sources). In these conditions, diesel fuel can be stored for between 6 and 12 months on average, sometimes longer.
However, within 28 days of storage, diesel fuel can begin to become contaminated and degrade. After 6 months, the quality of the diesel will quickly degrade, and you may see clogged filters and rust on the filler cap.
To extend the life of diesel fuel, biocides and fuel stabilizers can be used. Keeping fuel in an underground storage tank will also help to maintain its life, as it keeps the tank safer and cooler.
One source suggests that diesel can last up to five years if mixed with fresh diesel or with the addition of a cetane boost.
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Preventing contamination
Diesel fuel has a limited shelf life and can degrade and lose its effectiveness over time. This can cause issues with starting engines and can potentially damage fuel systems. To prevent contamination, it is important to follow certain practices and procedures.
Firstly, the choice of tank is critical. The tank should be the right size for your needs, as diesel left sitting in a tank for too long will result in contamination from components such as diesel bug. If you are storing diesel outside, the tank should be made of durable material such as steel, aluminium, or polyethylene, and be equipped with a lockable cap or pump cabinet to prevent unauthorised access.
Secondly, the environment in which the diesel is stored is key. If storing outside, the fuel should be kept in a cool, dry, and clean environment, with moderate temperatures and low humidity. The ideal temperature range is between 20°F and 85°F. The tank should be regularly checked for pooled water, particularly after rain.
Thirdly, the fuel itself should be monitored and maintained. A monitoring and maintenance plan should be established, especially if the diesel is for a standby or emergency generator. This includes regularly checking the fuel for any signs of contamination or degradation, such as water or sediment buildup. If any issues are identified, the fuel tank should be cleaned, and the fuel replaced.
Finally, to prevent oxidation and the growth of biofilm, the fuel should be treated with biocides and demulsifying agents that separate water from the fuel.
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Diesel fuel degradation
Diesel fuel, like all petroleum-based fuels, has a limited shelf life and is susceptible to degradation over time. The rate of degradation depends on various factors, including storage temperature, fuel quality, and the presence of contaminants.
Under ideal conditions, diesel fuel can be stored for up to 6 to 12 months, although some sources suggest a storage life of 1.5 to 2 years. However, within 28 days of storage, diesel fuel can start to become contaminated and degrade, especially if it is not properly maintained.
To prolong the life of diesel fuel, it is important to store it in a cool, dry, and clean environment. The ideal temperature for storing diesel is around 20°F, but it should not exceed 85°F. Regularly inspecting the fuel for any signs of degradation or contamination is crucial. Water or sediment buildup, for example, indicates the need for a fuel tank cleaning and fuel replacement.
Additionally, investing in the right-sized tank is essential. A tank that is too large can lead to diesel sitting for extended periods, increasing the risk of contamination from "diesel bug" and other microorganisms. On the other hand, a tank that is too small will require frequent refilling, which can be inconvenient.
By following these practices and maintaining the fuel storage system, the shelf life and quality of diesel fuel can be significantly prolonged.
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Maintaining diesel fuel tanks
Diesel fuel does not last as long as one might think. On average, it can be stored for 6 to 12 months, and sometimes longer under the best conditions. NFPA 110, which refers to diesel "Storage Life", recommends that tanks are sized so that the fuel is consumed within 1.5 to 2 years.
Regular Maintenance
It is important to regularly maintain your diesel fuel tank to ensure it is in proper working condition throughout the year. This includes fixing all issues as and when they arise and establishing a monitoring and maintenance plan.
Keep the Tank Cool
The ideal temperature for a diesel fuel tank is around 20°F, but it should not go higher than 85°F. Keeping the tank cool delays oxidation, helping to prolong the life of the fuel.
Prevent Water Buildup
Water buildup encourages the growth of microbes, which can degrade fuel quality. Check the tank for pooled water, especially after rain, and use fuel treatments with demulsifying properties that separate water from fuel.
Prevent Oxidative Fuel Breakdown
Oxidative breakdown occurs when fuel is exposed to air and light. This can be prevented by cleaning the fuel stabilizers to prevent a chain of oxidation reactions in the fuel when it is exposed to the atmosphere.
Treat the Tank for Bacteria
Microbial growth can cause issues such as tank corrosion, clogged filters, and reduced fuel performance. Use diesel fuel biocides or other additives to address infestations and prevent future growth.
Prevent Sludge and Biomass Buildup
Excessive buildup of sludge and biomass can be addressed with commercial-grade treatment. This will clean the fuel storage system and prevent the formation of biomass.
By following these maintenance tips, you can help ensure your diesel fuel tank is well-maintained and the fuel is in good condition when you need it.
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How temperature affects diesel fuel
Diesel fuel does not last as long as one might think. Modern refining processes leave today's distillate more unstable and susceptible to contamination. Diesel fuel can be stored for an average of 6 to 12 months, and sometimes longer under the best conditions. The ideal temperature to store diesel fuel is around 20°F, but it should not go higher than 85°F.
The shelf life of diesel fuel depends on factors such as the temperature at which it is stored, the quality of the fuel, and the presence of contaminants. If you live in an area with moderate temperatures and low humidity, and you take proper precautions to protect the fuel from contamination, you may be able to store it outside for several months. However, if you live in an area with extreme temperatures or high humidity, or if you cannot protect the fuel from contamination, it is not recommended to store diesel outside for an extended period.
The key to delaying oxidation and preserving the fuel is to keep the tank cool and clean. Regularly check the tank for pooled water, especially after rain, and remove any water that has accumulated. Use fuel treatment with demulsifying properties that separate water from fuel. Today's tanks are most likely equipped with a Fuel Water Separator (FWS) filter, and demulsifying treatments boost the performance of the FWS.
Additionally, it is important to invest in the right-sized tank for your needs. If the tank is too big, the diesel will sit for a long time, leading to contamination from components such as diesel bug. On the other hand, if the tank is too small, you will have to refill it frequently.
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Frequently asked questions
Diesel fuel has a limited shelf life and can degrade and lose its effectiveness over time. On average, diesel fuel can be stored for 6 to 12 months, but this can vary depending on factors such as temperature, fuel quality, and the presence of contaminants.
Contamination and degradation are the main signs that diesel fuel has gone bad. Water or sediment buildup, clogged filters, and rust on the filler cap are indicators that the fuel has been contaminated.
To prolong the life of diesel fuel, it is important to store it in a cool, clean, and dry environment. Use a high-quality fuel tank made of durable materials such as steel, aluminium, or polyethylene. Regularly check the fuel for any signs of contamination and degradation.
Storing diesel fuel for an extended period can be challenging, especially when it comes to maintaining fuel quality and preventing contamination. Contaminated diesel fuel can cause difficulty in starting engines and potentially damage fuel systems.
NFPA 110 recommends a diesel "Storage Life" of 1.5 to 2 years. However, this is dependent on adequate conditions being met, including maintaining fuel quality and preventing contamination.
