Regan Brown
Fuel tanks on boats are not pressurised, unlike those in automobiles, and must be handled with care to prevent spillage. While it is possible to carry gas on a boat, it must be done safely and legally. This includes using the correct gas cans, avoiding distractions, and being aware of the potential for static electricity to cause sparks. With these risks in mind, it is important to consider whether a boat fuel tank should be permanently covered, and if so, how to do so safely.
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What You'll Learn
Safety precautions
It is important to note that fuel tanks on boats are not pressurised, unlike those in automobiles. This means that inboard boat tanks have an air vent to relieve the pressure that builds up while filling a tank. As a result, it is easy to spill fuel out into the water if you do not take the necessary precautions. Federal law requires that you report a fuel or oil spill, no matter how small, if it causes a sheen on the water's surface. Creating a sheen is illegal and can result in hefty fines. It is also illegal to use dishwashing detergent to remove the sheen. Therefore, it is crucial to take measures to prevent fuel spills.
When refuelling, always clear the area of anyone not directly involved. Ensure that all smoking materials are extinguished and that there are no open flames. Turn off the engines and electronics, and secure your boat to the dock. When using a nozzle, keep it in contact with the fill to prevent the build-up of static electricity and sparking. Do not top off your tank; instead, fill it to about 90% as fuel expands as temperatures rise. Use an oil-only absorbent pad, such as the ones mentioned in the Fuel Spill Prevention guidelines, to clean up any fuel spills immediately. Wipe down any interior parts that may have come into contact with fuel.
Avoid using hands-free clips and stay focused during the refuelling process to prevent spills. Be aware of the type of fuel your gas station sells; special precautions should be taken when using ethanol-blended gasoline. If you are refuelling a PWC, select a fuel dock with wave protection or a PWC dock to stabilise your vessel. Ensure your PWC is securely tied up before refuelling and use an absorbent pad to catch any stray drops of fuel.
When carrying extra fuel on your boat, use a USCG-approved tank, which is more stable in rough waters and less likely to leak or cause a fire. These tanks can be attached directly to your boat's fuel system. Only use a gas can specifically designed for storing gas, such as a 6-gallon gas can, and avoid using just any plastic container. Regularly inspect your tank for corrosion, especially the bottom, which is prone to corrosion from bilge water. Before using your boat and after refuelling, open the engine cover and check for any fuel leaks by smelling for gas fumes.
Additionally, consider draining old gas from your fuel tank periodically to prolong its life and keep the engine running smoothly. This can be done using a manual or electric fuel pump, depending on your preference and budget. Always wear safety gear and ensure your boat is in a dry, well-ventilated place when performing maintenance.
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Fuel spill prevention
Fuel spillage on boats is a serious issue, and it is a federal requirement to report any spill, no matter how small. Fuel spill prevention is therefore a key concern for boat owners.
Firstly, it is important to understand the nature of boat fuel tanks. Unlike car fuel tanks, boat tanks are not pressurised, and so they have an air vent to relieve pressure when filling. This means that it is easy to overfill and spill fuel, and even a small spill can end up in the water. Modern jerry jugs and cans are designed to prevent spills, but care must be taken when refuelling. It is also illegal to encase a fuel tank in a way that allows water to collect around it.
To prevent spills, always clear the area of anyone not involved with refuelling. Secure the boat, turn off engines and electronics, and extinguish any open flames. Use a funnel to avoid spillages and keep the nozzle in contact with the tank opening to prevent static electricity sparks. Do not top off your tank; leave some space as fuel expands with temperature changes. When using a portable tank, ensure it is stored out of direct sunlight and in a cool, dry place.
Regularly inspect your tank for corrosion or leaks, and be vigilant for any fuel fumes. Draining old gas from your tank is an important maintenance task and will help to keep the engine running smoothly. Use a manual or electric pump to remove the old fuel, and be sure to wear safety gear and work in a well-ventilated area.
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Fuel tank maintenance
Regular Cleaning
Over time, fuel tanks can accumulate debris, sludge, water contamination, and even bacterial matter, which can cause engine issues and reduce performance. Regular cleaning helps prevent these problems. Before cleaning, refer to your boat's manual for instructions on safely disconnecting and removing the fuel tank. Inspect the tank for any contaminants, and use clean rags or paper towels to wipe down the interior. For stubborn deposits, use a specialised fuel tank cleaner or detergent. Rinse the tank with clean water, and ensure it's completely dry before reassembling.
Fuel Polishing
If you've purchased a pre-owned vessel, it's advisable to arrange for professional fuel polishing. This process involves a thorough cleaning of the fuel tank, removing water, sludge, and algae. Depending on the condition, the fuel tank may need to be replaced.
Preventing Contamination
To mitigate the need for frequent cleanings, it's important to understand the quality of your fuel. Keep a sample of your fuel in a glass mason jar, as this will reveal any separation of components over time. Additionally, always use a funnel when refuelling to prevent contaminants from entering the tank.
Safe Refuelling Practices
When refuelling, ensure the area is cleared of anyone not involved in the process. Extinguish all smoking materials, secure your boat, and turn off engines and electronics. Avoid distractions and never use hands-free clips. Keep the nozzle in contact with the tank opening to prevent static electricity build-up, and avoid overfilling the tank, as fuel expands with temperature increases.
Storage Considerations
When a boat is in storage for prolonged periods, stagnant fuel can negatively impact the vessel's performance. Understand the type of fuel you use and the specific maintenance requirements. Additionally, consider the material of your fuel tank, as certain metals like low-carbon mild steel are susceptible to rusting if not properly maintained. Ensure your fuel tank is kept dry and free from moisture to extend its lifespan.
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Refuelling tips
Before refuelling
Before refuelling your boat, it is important to check for fuel leaks. Open the engine cover and smell for any fuel fumes. If you detect any, do not turn on the engine and call for assistance. Regularly inspect your tank for any signs of corrosion or damage, especially if it is held in place by straps.
During refuelling
Clear the area of anyone not involved in the refuelling process. Ensure that all smoking materials are extinguished and that there are no open flames. Turn off the engine(s) and electronics. Secure your boat to the dock. Use a funnel to refill your tank, ensuring that the nozzle remains in contact with the tank opening at all times. Do not top off your tank—only fill it to about 90% as fuel expands as temperatures rise. Wipe down any interior parts that come into contact with fuel and clean up any spills immediately with an oil-only absorbent pad.
Portable fuel containers
If you are using a portable fuel container, always refill it on the pavement or dock to prevent a build-up of static electricity and potential sparking. Use an absorbent pad underneath the container and consider using a funnel to prevent contaminants from entering the fuel tank. Store portable fuel tanks out of direct sunlight in a cool, dry place. When using a portable container to fuel your boat, go slowly and pour deliberately, watching for any signs of wear.
USCG-approved tanks
If you plan on storing more fuel on your boat, consider investing in a USCG-approved tank. These tanks are larger and provide greater stability in rough waters, reducing the risk of leaks or fires. They can be attached directly to your boat's fuel system, eliminating the need for a funnel when refuelling. However, keep in mind that the increased weight will affect your boat's fuel consumption.
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Fuel storage
When refuelling, ensure the area is cleared of anyone not involved, secure the boat, and turn off engines, electronics, and extinguish flames. Refuel on the pavement or dock to prevent static electricity sparks, and use an absorbent pad to catch any spills. Avoid overfilling the tank as fuel expands with temperature increases.
Portable fuel tanks can be used for additional fuel storage, but they must be USCG-approved and properly maintained. These tanks can be attached directly to the boat's fuel system, but they should never be stored below decks as they require venting overboard. Always use a gas can specifically designed for storing gas, and keep the tank out of direct sunlight and in a cool, dry place.
Regularly inspect your boat's fuel tank for corrosion, especially if it is an older aluminium tank, as these are prone to leaking. Draining old gas from the tank is important for maintenance and can be done with a manual or electric pump. Before refuelling, always check for fuel fumes by opening the engine cover and sniffing for any gas odours.
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Frequently asked questions
No, it is not safe to permanently cover a boat fuel tank. Federal regulations prohibit encasing a fuel tank in a way that allows water to collect on or around it. Additionally, fuel tanks need to be vented to relieve pressure, and sealed compartments must be vented overboard.
Covering a boat fuel tank can lead to a build-up of fumes, which can be dangerous and even deadly if ignited. It is important to inspect your tank regularly and ensure proper ventilation to mitigate these risks.
Yes, instead of permanently covering the fuel tank, you can consider using a blower or a marine blower, which is ignition-protected. Alternatively, you can leave the sides of the compartment open to allow for airflow and ventilation.
