Ameer Randolph
Diesel fuel is a useful resource to have on hand, especially during emergencies like extended power outages. However, storing diesel fuel requires careful consideration to ensure safety, maintain fuel quality, and prolong its shelf life. The storage life of diesel fuel varies, typically ranging from six to twelve months, but it can be extended beyond a year with proper care. This involves choosing suitable storage containers, maintaining optimal temperatures, preventing microbial growth, and regularly inspecting and maintaining the fuel system.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Storage temperature | Store at room temperature, between 32°F and 95°F, and below 70°F to ensure fuel longevity |
| Distance from heat sources | Keep at a safe distance from heaters, furnaces, and anything flammable |
| Sunlight exposure | Avoid direct sunlight to prevent accelerated fuel degradation |
| Container type | Use portable tanks, safety cans, or containers approved by the Department of Transportation |
| Container fill level | Do not fill containers past 95% full to allow for fuel expansion |
| Container labelling | Label containers with the date filled to track expiration |
| Fuel stabilizers | Use fuel stabilizers to prevent microbial growth and contamination |
| Fuel mixing | Mix old fuel with fresh diesel or add Diesel 911 cetane boost to improve fuel quality |
| Fuel additives | Use biocides and anti-microbial additives to prevent bacterial and fungal growth |
| Fuel inspection | Regularly inspect fuel for quality issues and fix problems promptly |
| Fuel storage location | Choose a well-constructed tank or underground storage to insulate fuel from temperature extremes |
| Fuel maintenance plan | Establish a monitoring and maintenance plan to ensure fuel meets regulations and prolong shelf life |
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What You'll Learn
Diesel fuel storage life
Diesel fuel can be stored for 6 to 12 months on average, and sometimes longer under the best conditions. The ideal conditions for storing diesel fuel include keeping the fuel dry and at a cool temperature (below 70° Fahrenheit or 21° Celsius). Such conditions ensure storage life between six to twelve months. To extend fuel life beyond twelve months, fuel stabilizers are required.
The storage life of diesel fuel is dependent on certain conditions. Diesel fuel can be stored at a wide range of temperatures, but it should be kept away from extreme temperatures. Storing it at less than 32° Fahrenheit or above 95° Fahrenheit will cause the fuel to degrade at an accelerated rate. While you can store your fuel at a variety of temperatures, the temperature you keep it at will have an impact on the length of time it can be stored. Consider covered storage areas, sheltered from extreme weather or underground storage, which can insulate the fuel from temperature-related issues.
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs when diesel fuel is introduced to oxygen, and this happens as soon as diesel fuel leaves the refinery. Oxidation reacts with compounds in the diesel to create high acid values and to develop unwanted gum, sludge, and sediment. The higher acid value works to corrode the tank while the production of gum and sediment clogs filters. Biocides will help prevent the growth of bacteria and fungus that can thrive in the water-diesel interface. Once the microbes are present, they multiply quickly and are hard to eliminate.
To maintain the quality of stored diesel fuel, it is important to use a well-constructed tank or fuel container that keeps the fuel dry. A well-built system is the first line of defence against accelerated fuel ageing and other fuel quality issues associated with a poorly constructed system. Diesel fuel should be stored away from direct sunlight, to reduce accelerated fuel degradation. The more heat, the less stable your fuel becomes.
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Choosing a storage container
Diesel fuel is a hazardous and highly combustible substance, so it must be handled with care. When choosing a storage container, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, the container must comply with the relevant regulations and standards. In the UK, fixed tanks must meet British Standard 5410 and be bunded to prevent spillages. Plastic containers should comply with the Oil Firing Technical Association (OFTEC) standard OST T100, while metal containers must meet OFTEC standard OFS T200 or British Standard 799-5. Above-ground storage is recommended, and containers should have emergency relief venting to release internal pressure in case of fire.
The size of the container is another important consideration. Bulk diesel storage tank sizing depends on factors such as the classification of the emergency power supply system (EPSS) and the amount of fuel being stored. NFPA 110 requires the bulk tank size to be at least 133% of the quantity established by the EPSS class. Additionally, a 5% spare volume above the maximum liquid level is recommended for compliance with the European standard EN 12285. If you have multiple oil storage tanks, the secondary containment must be able to store 110% of the largest tank's capacity or 25% of the total capacity, whichever is larger.
The container's construction and material are also key factors. Well-constructed tanks or fuel containers that keep the fuel dry and protect it from damage, contamination, and extreme temperatures are essential. Cheap fuel storage solutions should be avoided, as a well-built system is crucial to prevent fuel ageing and quality issues. To prevent rust and corrosion, use biocides to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth, especially at the water-diesel interface.
When choosing a storage container, it is also important to consider the fuel type. Modern diesel fuel often contains biodiesel, which has storage limitations. Biodiesel and biodiesel blends have shorter shelf lives and are less stable than conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, for long-term storage, conventional diesel fuel is recommended. Additionally, blended diesel fuel with ethanol (E-diesel) has a low flashpoint, requiring careful management of fire and explosion hazards.
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Temperature considerations
Diesel fuel can be stored at a wide range of temperatures, but it should be kept away from extreme temperatures. The temperature you keep it at will have an impact on the length of time it can be stored. Storing diesel at less than 32° Fahrenheit or above 95° Fahrenheit will cause the fuel to degrade at an accelerated rate. The ideal temperature for storing diesel fuel is below 70° Fahrenheit, which ensures a storage life of between six to twelve months. To extend fuel life beyond twelve months, fuel stabilizers are required.
To avoid degradation, keep diesel fuel at room temperature and in an area that is a safe distance from any potential heat sources, including heaters and furnaces. It should also be stored at least 50 feet away from anything that is potentially flammable and out of direct sunlight. Covered storage areas or underground storage can insulate the fuel from temperature-related issues.
Water is one of the biggest killers of diesel. When diesel sits in a tank, water can accumulate, and it sinks in diesel, eventually reaching the level of the pump intake and ending up in the engine. Basic, old engines can handle a bit of water, but new, high-tech engines cannot. Therefore, if your tractor engine is less than about 20 years old, you will need to carefully filter out the water.
Oxidation is another issue that can affect diesel fuel. This is a chemical reaction that occurs when diesel fuel is introduced to oxygen, and it can cause the fuel to become contaminated with high acid values and unwanted gum, sludge, and sediment. To prevent this, biocides can be used, which help prevent the growth of bacteria and fungus that thrive in the water-diesel interface. Once present, microbes multiply quickly and are hard to eliminate.
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Preventing microbial activity
Keep Water Out of the Tank
The presence of water in the fuel tank creates conditions conducive to microbial growth, particularly at the fuel-water interface. Therefore, it is essential to limit the amount of water in the storage tank. Regularly inspect the tank for water, especially at the bottom, and drain any water accumulation. Equip fuel tank vents with filters to prevent bacterial and fungal spores from entering through vents or during filling.
Maintain Optimal Temperature
Store diesel fuel at room temperature or within a range of 32°F to 95°F. Avoid extreme temperatures, as they can accelerate fuel degradation. Keep the fuel away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and flammable materials.
Use Biocides
Biocides are essential for preventing the growth of bacteria and fungi in diesel fuel. These microorganisms thrive at the water-diesel interface and can quickly multiply, leading to sludge formation and filter clogging. Choose an appropriate biocide and understand that heavily contaminated systems may require multiple treatments due to the varied metabolic rates of microbes.
Prevent or Eliminate Biofilm
Biofilm is a thick, sludge-like mass that can develop at the diesel-water interface. It hampers the effectiveness of biocides and encourages further microbial growth. Regularly inspect your fuel system and address any issues to prevent the formation of biofilm.
Fuel Filtration and Polishing
Utilize fuel filtration and polishing techniques to remove water and contaminants from the fuel without needing to remove the fuel from the tank. Some vendors offer remote cleaning services, while others employ fuel circulation techniques to filter out water and impurities.
Fuel Stabilizers
If diesel fuel has been stored for more than 30 days, consider adding a fuel stabilizer to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination. Additionally, add new fuel to the existing supply and ensure the container is not filled past the 95% mark to allow for fuel expansion.
By implementing these measures, you can effectively prevent microbial activity and maintain the quality of your stored diesel fuel.
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Long-term storage tips
Diesel fuel can be stored for long periods, but it is important to take the necessary steps to ensure it does not degrade or become contaminated. Here are some detailed tips for the long-term storage of diesel fuel:
Choose the Right Container:
Select a well-constructed tank or container that is approved for fuel storage. Ensure it is made from high-quality materials to prevent accelerated fuel aging and other issues associated with poor construction. The container should keep the fuel dry and protect it from external elements.
Store in a Controlled Environment:
Diesel fuel should be stored in a temperature-controlled area, away from extreme temperatures. Keep it at a temperature above 32° Fahrenheit and below 95° Fahrenheit to prevent accelerated degradation. Store it away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and anything flammable. Consider covered storage areas or underground storage to insulate the fuel.
Understand Your Fuel Type:
Know the type of diesel fuel you are storing and its specific storage requirements. Most diesel fuel today contains a biodiesel blend, which has different storage limitations. Biodiesel tends to have a shorter shelf life and is more sensitive to temperature and oxygen exposure. For long-term storage, conventional diesel fuel without biodiesel blends is recommended.
Use Additives and Biocides:
To maintain fuel quality, consider using additives and biocides. Additives like fuel stabilizers can prevent microbial growth and compound contamination, especially if the fuel has been stored for more than 30 days. Biocides prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi that thrive in the water-diesel interface, reducing the effectiveness of your fuel over time.
Regular Maintenance and Inspections:
Establish a monitoring and maintenance plan for your diesel fuel storage. Regularly inspect your fuel system and fuel quality during long-term storage. Look for signs of contamination, such as sludge, rust, or high water levels. Fix any issues promptly to prevent further damage and maintain the longevity of your diesel fuel.
By following these tips, you can effectively store diesel fuel for the long term, ensuring its quality and performance when you need it.
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Frequently asked questions
The ideal temperature to store diesel fuel is room temperature, or below 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Keeping the fuel at extreme temperatures will cause it to degrade faster.
Diesel fuel can be stored for six to twelve months on average, sometimes longer under the best conditions. To extend fuel life beyond twelve months, fuel stabilizers are required.
To maintain the quality of stored diesel fuel, use biocides to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungus. Additionally, establish a monitoring and maintenance plan that includes regular system inspections to reduce maintenance costs and fuel waste.
Clogged filters and rust on the filler cap are usually the first signs that diesel fuel has gone bad. If the fuel turns black, it indicates an algae infestation.
Diesel fuel should be stored in a well-constructed tank or container that is approved by the Department of Transportation. The container should keep the fuel dry and protect it from extreme temperatures and direct sunlight.
